Serafino De Tivoli
Serafino De Tivoli: The Father of Macchiaioli Serafino De Tivoli (March 1826 – 1892) stands as a pivotal figure in Italian landscape painting, recognized universally as “the father of the *macchia*.” Born in Livorno, Tuscany, his artistic journey began with a grounding in literature at a religious private school before gravitating towards painting under Carlo Markò the Elder, marking the genesis of his distinctive style. A formative encounter with Vito D’Ancona solidified his commitment to plein air painting—capturing the immediacy and vibrancy of nature—a practice that would define his oeuv…
The Subject Atlas
A chart of Serafino De Tivoli's corpus mapped not by date but by subject. Spokes are what they painted; rings are when; and the threads between stars reveal the patrons and places that secretly connect them.
Spokes — Subject
Each arm of the atlas gathers works by what they depict: portraits, sacred scenes, mythologies, and the scientific studies. Click a spoke to swing that cluster to the top.
Rings — Career Period
Distance from the center marks time. The innermost ring is the earliest period; the outermost, the final years. Style matures as you move outward.
Threads — Shared Context
Coloured lines link works bound by the same patron, commission, or theme. Trace a context to watch related clusters light up across subjects.