Is Wintergreens under copyright?

Yes, this artwork is still under copyright.

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One of the modern masterpieces in the RA Collection, Wintergreens was made in 1986, the year Frank Bowling moved to a studio with a view of the Thames in Limehouse, London. He’s referred to the city as “Turner’s town” and the scale of this painting has attracted comparisons with the ambitious landscapes of past artists such as Turner and Constable.The title refers to plants that keep their leaves throughout winter, also known as evergreens. With its colours and textures of winter vegetation, Tate curator Zoe Whitley has likened this work to “a network of bamboo, reeds, and cattails in a stagnant pond”.To make this work, Bowling added layer upon layer of material. Strips of acrylic foam (a material used in commercial packing) were attached to the canvas, creating a gridlike structure onto which he applied thick layers of paint and translucent acrylic gel. This weighed down the foam, pulling it into new shapes. Bowling then created a new substance by mixing gel and pigment, which he applied in thick layers with a spatula. The quick-drying properties of acrylic paint (as opposed to oil) allowed him to quickly pile on layers of paint. In among the paint, Bowling nested an assortment of unusual objects, including the cap of a film canister and even a plastic toy owl.In this painting and others, Bowling is exploring the complexity of the world rather than reducing it to legible images. The crusted, swamplike texture of the painting seems to challenge the possibility of seeing clearly altogether. The curator of Bowling’s Mappa Mundi exhibition Okwui Enwezor has written that Wintergreens provides a “deeply sceptical vision” of the sublime, far removed from the vastness and grandeur of artists such as Turner.

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Frank Bowling: Pioneer of Color Field Abstraction

Frank Bowling (b.1934) stands as a singular figure in British art history, recognized for his monumental abstract paintings—particularly his ‘Map’ series—that decisively shaped the trajectory of color field painting and lyrical abstraction following World War II. Born in Bartica, Guyana, Bowling embarked on an artistic journey that began with formative experiences rooted in colonial Britain and evolved into a distinguished career marked by critical acclaim and international recognition. Bowling's early education took place at Regent Street Polytechnic and Chelsea School of Art, where he honed foundational skills before gaining admission to the Royal College of Art in 1959. He joined forces with fellow artists David Hockney, R.B. Kitaj, Derek boshier and Patrick caulfield—a cohort that would become synonymous with British postwar experimentalism. The influence of Abstract Expressionists like Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman proved pivotal, propelling Bowling toward a stylistic approach characterized by vast canvases dominated by layered pigment dispersions—often incorporating industrial materials such as asphalt and resin—creating textured surfaces that evoke geological formations and maps. Bowling’s artistic breakthrough arrived in the mid-1960s with his groundbreaking ‘Map’ paintings, which immediately established him as a visionary innovator. These works eschewed traditional representational imagery, instead prioritizing color and texture to convey complex emotional states and philosophical ideas. Critics lauded Bowling's ability to transform seemingly banal materials into vehicles for profound artistic expression, cementing his reputation as one of Britain’s foremost abstract painters. His exploration of materiality—particularly asphalt—became a deliberate gesture against the prevailing aesthetic conventions of the time, reflecting anxieties about globalization and cultural displacement.

Notable Achievements: Bowling's career culminated in a triumphant retrospective at Tate Britain in 2019, followed by a major exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston in 2022. This showcased his extensive oeuvre spanning from 1966 to 1975 and solidified his position as an internationally respected artist.
Royal Academy Membership: In 1968, Bowling achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first black artist elected a member of the Royal Academy of Arts—a testament to his artistic merit and contribution to British cultural heritage.

Bowling’s paintings reside in over fifty international collections, including the Museum of Modern Art (New York), The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York}, Tate Britain (London) and The Royal Academy of Arts (London). His work continues to inspire artists and scholars alike, demonstrating the enduring power of abstraction to grapple with fundamental questions about perception, materiality, and the human condition. He remains a vital voice in contemporary art discourse, embodying both artistic innovation and social engagement—a legacy that underscores his significance as a pivotal figure in British postwar art history.

Frank Bowling

1934 - , Guyana

Snabbfakta

Artistic Movement Or Style: Abstract Expressionism, Color Field Painting, Lyrical Abstraction
Artists Who Influenced This Artist:
- David Hockney
- Derek boshier
- Patrick caulfield
Date Of Birth: 1934
Full Name: Frank Bowling
Nationality: British
Notable Artworks:
- Who’s Afraid of Barney Newman
- Night Journey
- Wintergreens
Place Of Birth: Bartica, Guyana

Wintergreens

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