The Late Medieval names to know
If you remember one Late Medieval kunstenaar, make it Simone Martini (1284–1344), the name behind De Aankondiging met Sint Margaretha en Sint Ansanus en Maestà (Madonna with Angels and Saints). After that come Andrej Roebljov, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Pietro Lorenzetti en Hubert Van Eyck. Our 99 picks go from Yuan Dynasty (born 1271) to Hubert Van Eyck (born 1366), from 20 countries.
How we picked them. We list the artists our catalogue links to Late Medieval, from the most famous down. Artists born after 1955 that we cannot yet check on Wikidata are left out. The Wikipedia number shows in how many of our 32 languages Wikipedia writes about them.
Quick facts
Meet them one by one
1of 99
Italiaans From Siena Internationale Gotiek On Wikipedia in 28 of 32 languages
In 1319 voltooide hij het Polyptiek van de Heilige Catharina van Alexandrië Polyptych in Pisa. Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou, 1317. Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou, 1317.
Taught Lippo Memmi #10
2of 99
Russisch From Grootvorstendom Moskou Russische iconenschilderkunst On Wikipedia in 31 of 32 languages
Andrei Rublev (ca. 1360 – ca. 1430) blijft een van de meest raadselachtige en diepgaand invloedrijke figuren in de geschiedenis van de Russische kunst. In 1405 sloot hij zijn krachten met Theofanes en Prokhor van Gorodets om de Verkondigingskathedraal te decoreren, een cruciaat moment in de Russische iconenschilderkunst. De Drie-eenheid-icoon: Wellicht zijn meest gevierde werk, de “Drie-eenheid”-icoon (ca. 1420-1428), is een getuigenis van zijn artistiek genie.
3of 99
Italiaans From Siena Siënese School On Wikipedia in 29 of 32 languages
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, geboren rond 1290 in het hart van Siena, Italië, verrees als een cruciale figuur in de overgang van de middeleeuwse artistieke tradities naar de opkomende Renaissance.
4of 99
Italiaans From Siena Vroege Renaissance On Wikipedia in 27 of 32 languages
Pietro Lorenzetti (ca. 1280 – 1348) staat te boek als een cruciale figuur in de Sienese kunst, een meester die de diepgaande overgang markeerde van het Gotische formalisme naar de opkomende humanistische idealen van de vroege Renaissance. Geboren in het levendige culturele landschap van Siena rond 1280, ontvouwde de artistieke reis van Lorenzetti zich te midden van een periode van ingrijpende intellectuele en artistieke transformatie in Toscane.
5of 99
Nederlands From Maaseik Vroeg-Nederlands On Wikipedia in 20 of 32 languages
In het hart van deze transformatie stond Hubert van Eyck, een figuur wiens naam diep gegrift staat in het fundament van de Noordelijke Renaissance.
6of 99
Italiaans From Florence Vroege Renaissance On Wikipedia in 23 of 32 languages
In de levendige, ontluikende sfeer van het 14e-eeuwse Florence, een periode die werd gekenmerkt door de overgang van de middeleeuwen naar de vroege Renaissance, kwam Taddeo Gaddi naar voren als een meester van licht, narratief en architecturale grandeur. Als een van de meest vooraanstaande leerlingen van de legendarische Giotto di Bondone, erfde Gaddi niet louter een stijl; hij breidde het visuele vocabulaire van zijn tijd uit.
Taught Agnolo Gaddi #7, Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) #51
7of 99
Italian From Florence Gothic, Early Renaissance On Wikipedia in 20 of 32 languages
Agnolo Gaddi, born in Florence around 1350, occupies a fascinating, pivotal position in the history of Italian painting. Consider his early frescoes at San Jacopo tra i Fossi – “The Resurrection of Lazarus” – where Gaddi captures Giotto’s expressive pathos while simultaneously elevating the composition with meticulous attention to textural detail.
Learned from Taddeo Gaddi #6
8of 99
Grieks From Constantinopel Byzantijnse iconografie On Wikipedia in 22 of 32 languages
Geboren in Constantinopel rond 1340, hoewel vaak geassocieerd met Griekenland vanwege zijn latere activiteiten, was Theophanes een sleutelfiguur die de laatste bloei van de Byzantijnse kunst verbond met de opkomende tradities van Rusland. Rond 1395 arriveerde hij in Novgorod, een machtige stadstaat binnen Rusland, samen met Andrei Rublev, een andere iconische figuur van de Russisch-orthodoxe kunst.
9of 99
Italiaans From Venetië Byzantijnse invloed & Gotische kunst On Wikipedia in 15 of 32 languages
Paolo Veneziano (ca. 1333 – 1358) staat als een monumentale figuur in de geschiedenis van de Venetiaanse kunst, universeel erkend als de belangrijkste Venetiaanse schilder van de veertiende eeuw. Geboren in een artistieke bloedlijn binnen het hart van Venetië—zijn vader was zelf een gerenomerd kunstenaar—viel de korte maar briljante carrière van Veneziano samen met een transformerende periode in de Europese schilderkunst.
10of 99
Italiaan From Siena Internationaal Gotiek On Wikipedia in 17 of 32 languages
Lippo Memmi, geboren rond 1291 in het hart van Siena, Italië, staat als een sleutelfiguur in de overgang van de Byzantijns gewortelde tradities van middeleeuwse schilderkunst naar de opkomende elegantie van de Internationale Gotiek. Ansanus (1333), gemaakt in samenwerking met Simone Martini voor de Uffizi Galerie.
Learned from Simone Martini #1
11of 99
Italiaans From Zevio Gotische kunst On Wikipedia in 20 of 32 languages
Altichiero Da Zevio, geboren nabij het rustige stadje Zevio in Verona rond 1330, was niet louter een kroniekschrijver van heilige gebeurtenissen, maar een pionier van de Venetiaanse gotische stijl. De evolutie van de kunst van Altichiero Da Zevio is het best te begrijpen door zijn monumentale bijdragen aan het burgerlijke en religieuze landschap van Verona en Padua.
12of 99
Italiaans From Arezzo Schakel tussen de school van Giotto en de Sienese School On Wikipedia in 16 of 32 languages
Geboren in een familie van Florentijnse goudsmeden, was zijn ware naam Spinello Di Luca Spinelli, maar hij werd door de geschiedenis bekend onder de bijnaam "Aretino", wat duidt op zijn verbondenheid met Arezzo.
Learned from Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) #51 · Taught Lorenzo di Bicci #32
13of 99
Italiaans From Florence Vroege Renaissance On Wikipedia in 17 of 32 languages
Bernardo Daddi, geboren in Florence rond 1290 en overleden in 1348, staat als een spilfiguur in de overgang van de late Gotiek naar de ontluikende Italiaanse Renaissance. De Uffizi Gallery in Florence herbergt een belangrijk triptiek uit 1328, dat een boeiend kijkje biedt in zijn compositietechnieken en verhalende kracht. Eveneord merkwaardig is het “Martyrium van de Heilige Stefanus” in de Pinacoteca Vaticana—een predella bestaande uit acht panelen, geschilderd rond 1345.
14of 99
Italiaans From Pontecorvo Gotiek
Andrea Pisano (ca. 1290 – 1348 Orvieto) staat te boek als een monumentale figuur binnen de Italiaanse renaissance-sculptuur, hoewel zijn artistieke nalatenschap onlosmakelijk verbonden is met het voorafgaande gotische tijdperk en diepgaand werd gevormd door de revolutionaire invloed van Giotto di Bondone.
15of 99
Italiaans From Florence Vroege Renaissance
Niccolò Di Tommaso, een naam die zachtjes weerklinkt in de annalen van de veertiende-eeuwse Italiaanse schilderkunst, kwam rond 1346 in Florence op de wereld. Hun gezamenlijke inspanningen in de Strozzi-kapel binnen de Santa Maria Novella vormen een beslissingsmoment in de artistieke loopbaan van Niccolò. Het jaar 1370 markeerde ook de eerste gedocumenteerde uitstap van Niccolò Di Tommaso buiten Florence, met werkzaamheden in de kerk van San Giovanni Fuorcivitas in Pistoia.
16of 99
Chinees From Wuxi Vier Meesters van de Yuan-dynastie On Wikipedia in 15 of 32 languages
Zijn voornaam was Yuan Zhen (元鎮), en hij hanteerde diverse kunstnamen, waaronder Yun Lin Zi (雲林子), Huan Xia Sheng (幻霞生), en Jing Man Min (荊蠻民). Ni Zan wordt beschouwd als een van de vier meesters van de Yuan-dynastie, samen met Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, en Wang Meng.
17of 99
Italiaans From Florence Gotiek-Late Gotiek
Andrea Di Cione (Orcagna), in de geschiedenis bekend onder de evocatieve bijnaam Orcagna, staat als een van de meest invloedrijke figuren in de Florentijnse kunst tijdens het midden van de 14e eeuw—een periode die werd gekenmerkt door een fascinerende versmelting van Gotische en Laat-Gotische artistieke tradities.
18of 99
Italiaans From Florence Gotiek-Late Gotiek On Wikipedia in 20 of 32 languages
De naam Orcagna—een bijnaam die hem door lokale ambachtslieden werd toegekend—omvat een opmerkelijk figuur in de geschiedenis van de Italiaanse kunst: Andrea di Cione, een schilder, beeldhouwer, architect en meester-ambachtsman die het artistieke landschap van Florence domineerde tijdens de tweede helft van de 14e eeuw.
Learned from Andrea Pisano #14
19of 99
Italiaans From Como Proto-Renaissance
Geboren als Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio in Lombardije rond 1346, ontvouwde zijn artistieke reis voornamelijk binnen het bruisende culturele landschap van Florence tijdens een tijd van immense verandering en innovatie.
20of 99
Italian From Siena Gothic Art On Wikipedia in 14 of 32 languages
To traverse the hallowed halls of the Collegiata di San Gimignano is to encounter a ghost of the Trecento, an artist whose name, Barna da Siena, lingers in the air like incense in a medieval chapel. Known also as Berna di Siena, this figure remains one of the most tantalizing enigmas in the history of Italian art.
21of 99
Chinese From Huzhou Yuan Dynasty Landscape Painting On Wikipedia in 14 of 32 languages
Born in Wuxing, Zhejiang province – now Huzhou – around 1308, Wang Meng stands as a pivotal figure within the artistic landscape of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). His life was marked by both privilege and profound misfortune; he descended from Zhao Mengfu, a prominent Song Dynasty official and artist, inheriting a lineage steeped in cultural significance.
22of 99
Spanish From Palma de Mallorca Nautical cartography
Name: Cresques Abraham (his given name was actually Cresques, Abraham being his father's name). Background: Cresques was born into a Jewish family in Majorca, then part of the Crown of Aragon.
23of 99
French Medieval Art, Religious Paintings
Yet, within this tradition flourished an artist of startling intensity and dramatic vision – Nicolas Bataille (c. 1330-1405). His tapestries, particularly the famed “Seven Seals” cycle now housed in the Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet church in Paris, offer a window into a world grappling with anxieties about mortality, divine judgment, and the impending end times – a perspective rarely found in contemporary art.
24of 99
Italiaans From Venetië Byzantijnse kunst On Wikipedia in 11 of 32 languages
Het jaar 1336 resoneert diep in het artistieke landschap van Italië, onlosmakelijk verbonden met een figuur gehuld in intrigerende mysterie – de Meester van 1336. Nauwkeuriger bekend als Giovanni Lipini, biedt de naam van deze kunstenaar, afgeleid van een miraculeuze fresco van de Maagd Maria in Santa Maria delle Grazie in Pistoia, een verleidelijk voorproefje van zijn oorsprong en blijvende invloed.
25of 99
Italian Trecento
Born around 1298 in Siena, Italy, and tragically dying sometime before 1331, his life spanned a period of immense artistic ferment – the very dawn of the Renaissance – and he left behind a remarkably small but intensely significant body of work.
26of 99
Italian From Colle di Val d'Elsa Late Gothic On Wikipedia in 18 of 32 languages
In the twilight of the Middle Ages and the dawn of the Italian Renaissance, few figures bridge the gap between the medieval workshop and the modern era as intimately as Cennino Cennini.
Learned from Agnolo Gaddi #7
27of 99
Italiaans From Siena Sienese schilderkunst On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
Ugolino di Nerio, een naam die grotendeels ontbreekt in de mainstream kunsthistorische verhalen, staat als een spilfiguur in het opkomende artistieke landschap van Siena en Florence tijdens de jaren 1320. Geboren rond 1280 binnen een familie van schilders – zijn vader Guido, en zijn broers/zussen Muccio en Ugolino – kwam hij naar voren als een onafhankelijk meester.
28of 99
Italian From Siena Early Renaissance On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
In the golden twilight of the Trecento, as the medieval world began to stir toward the light of the Renaissance, Taddeo di Bartolo emerged as a transformative force within the Sienese School.
29of 99
Italian From Florence Early Quattrocento
Records indicate he apprenticed under Nerio di Binduccio around 1296, suggesting an established presence within Florence's artistic milieu by this pivotal moment – a contemporary of Giotto and deeply immersed in the stylistic currents shaping Sienese painting. The Arte dei Medici e Speziali recognized him as a member from 1312 to 1320, cementing his position as a respected craftsman amidst the city’s vibrant cultural landscape.
30of 99
Chinese Landscape painting
Born in Yingcheng (modern-day Yingxian County, Shandong Province) sometime during the late Yuan dynasty (1368-1407), he lived through a period of immense upheaval and transition – the fall of the Mongol-led Yuan and the establishment of the Ming. His most significant debt is undoubtedly to Wang Meng (1308-1383), one of the last great masters of the Yuan dynasty.
31of 99
Italian From Siena Sienese School On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
In the vibrant heart of the Sienese School, Andrea di Bartolo emerged as a master whose brush captured the profound spiritual intensity of his era. As the son and pupil of the prominent painter Bartolo di Fredi, Andrea’s artistic journey was deeply rooted in the traditions of his father's workshop.
32of 99
Italian Florentine School
Lorenzo di Bicci, born around 1350 in the heart of Florence, stands as a pivotal figure bridging the late Gothic traditions of his predecessors with the burgeoning naturalism that would define the early Renaissance.
33of 99
Belgian From Ypres Early Netherlandish Painting On Wikipedia in 15 of 32 languages
In the twilight of the fourteenth century, a transformative energy began to pulse through the workshops of Flanders, signaling the end of the medieval era and the slow, luminous birth of the Northern Renaissance.
34of 99
Italiaans From Florence Florentijnse School On Wikipedia in 8 of 32 languages
Lorenzo di Bicci, geboren rond 1373 in Florence, staat als een centrale figuur binnen de opkomende Florentijnse schilderkunst tijdens de tweede helft van de veertiende en het begin van de vijftiende eeuw.
35of 99
Italian From Florence Venetian Renaissance On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
In the golden twilight of the Middle Ages, as the rigid structures of the Gothic era began to soften under the warmth of burgeoning humanism, there emerged a painter whose brush captured the very essence of spiritual devotion and intricate beauty.
36of 99
French Early Gothic painting
Jean Pucelle remains one of the most captivating enigmas in the annals of medieval art, a figure whose name is whispered with reverence by those who study the delicate transition from the rigid structures of the Middle Ages to the burgeoning humanism of the Renaissance.
37of 99
Italiaans From Florence Toscaanse schilderkunst On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
Geboren rond 1308 in Florence en overleden omstreeks 1368, was Orcagna niet louter een ambachtsman; hij was een spilfiguur die de stilistische verschuivingen overbrugde tussen het naturalisme van Giotto en de meer geformaliseerde tradities van de Byzantijnse kunst, waarmee hij de koers van de Florentijnse schilderkunst voor decennia zou bepalen.
38of 99
Italian From Piove di Sacco Early Renaissance; Venetian painting; Gothic art On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
Guariento di Arpo (c. 1310–1370) stands as a monumental figure of the Trecento, acting as the essential bridge between the grounded, volumetric realism of Florence and the ethereal, ornamental splendor of the Venetian Gothic tradition. The foundations of Guariento’s genius were laid in the workshops of his contemporaries, where the shadows of masters like Giotto di Bondone and Giovanni Pisano loomed large.
39of 99
Italian From Pratovecchio Gothic & Early Renaissance On Wikipedia in 10 of 32 languages
The story of Giovanni del Biondo is one woven into the very fabric of 14th-century Florence, a period of profound transition where the rigid elegance of the Gothic tradition began to breathe with the nascent vitality of the Early Renaissance.
40of 99
Nederlands From Haarlem Noordelijk Realisme
Claus Sluter (ca. 1350-1406) staat te boek als een van de meest invloedrijke beeldhouwers van zijn tijd, een meester die een cruciaal kruispunt markeerde tussen de gotische en renaissance-artistieke tradities in Noord-Europa. De vermelding van zijn naam in het register van het Brusselse steenhouwersgilde rond 1379/1380 bevestigt zijn professionele betrokkenheid en onderstreept het belang van vakmanschap binnen de middeleeuwse artistieke cultuur.
41of 99
Japanese From Kyoto Rinzai Zen, Gozan Bungaku
He spent years immersed in Chinese culture, mastering calligraphy under the esteemed master Huang Shangu, absorbing the nuances of Song dynasty poetry, and engaging with the complex philosophies underpinning Zen Buddhism.
42of 99
Italian From Florence Gothic On Wikipedia in 7 of 32 languages
Born in Florence sometime between 1320 and 1330, he emerged from a family deeply rooted in artistic tradition—his three elder brothers, Andrea di Cione (Orcagna), Nardo di Cione, and Matteo di Cione—were themselves accomplished painters, establishing a lineage of creative excellence.
43of 99
Italian From Siena Sienese School On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
In het hart van het veertiende-eeuwse Toscane, een periode die werd gedefinieerd door de overgang van de etherische gratie van het gotische tijdperk naar het ontluikende humanisme van de Renaissance, kwam Bartolo di Fredi naar voren als een meester van licht en narratief. Tegen 1355 was hij officieel toegetreden tot de Arte dei Maestri di Tavola e Dipinto, een mijlpaal die hem toegang gaf tot de belangrijkste mecenaatnetwerken in Italië.
Works to know · Their 100 best-known works
44of 99
German From Dortmund International Gothic soft style On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
Born around 1370, von Soest emerged not merely as a local painter but as the preeminent Westphalian master of his era. His presence in Dortmund placed him at the heart of a cosmopolitan social circle, where he moved among the patrician elite, securing the patronage necessary to sustain a thriving workshop that would influence Northern European painting well into the late 15th century.
45of 99
Egyptian From Amarna Amarna art style
Tuthmosis, a name synonymous with the golden age of ancient Egypt, was born in Amarna around 1340 BC – a pivotal period marked by radical artistic and religious upheaval. Akhenaten, abandoning the established pantheon of Egyptian gods, moved the capital from Thebes to Amarna – a newly constructed city dedicated solely to Aten. Perhaps Tuthmosis’s most celebrated achievement is undoubtedly the magnificent Bust of Queen Nefertiti, completed around 1340 BC.
46of 99
Italian From Valmorea Italian Gothic On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
In the bustling streets of Florence, where the air was thick with the scent of fresh pigment and the echoes of a changing era, a painter named Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio began to make his mark. Hailing from Lombardy, he arrived in Tuscany as a man seeking his fortune, appearing in the city's records as Johannes Jacobi de Commo.
47of 99
German From Minden International Gothic On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
Born in Minden, Germany, around 1345 and passing away in Hamburg circa 1415, Master Bertram remains a captivating figure within the history of European art. Often referred to as Meister Bertram or Master of Minden, he stands as a pivotal artist bridging the International Gothic style with the nascent trends of the early Renaissance in Northern Europe.
48of 99
Italian From Siena Gothic architecture/sculpture
Agostino di Siena, born around 1285 in the heart of Tuscany, emerged as a pivotal figure in the transition from late Gothic to early Renaissance sculpture.
49of 99
From Kyoto
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (September 25, 1358 – May 31, 1408) was the third shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate, ruling Japan during the Muromachi period. Born in Kyoto as Haruō, he was the oldest surviving son of Ashikaga Yoshiakira. In 1379, Yoshimitsu initiated a significant reorganization of the gozan zen (Five Mountain Zen) establishment, solidifying its institutional framework.
50of 99
Netherlandish From Valenciennes Pucellian revival
In the twilight of the fourteenth century, a period defined by the transition from the rigid structures of the High Middle Ages to the burgeoning naturalism of the Early Netherlandish tradition, the name André Beauneveu emerges as a beacon of artistic innovation.
51of 99
Italian From Florence Renaissance
Often known to history through the mistaken identity of Jacopo Landino —a nomenclature born from the historical errors of Giorgio Vasari—this Florentine master navigated the delicate transition between the late Gothic tradition and the burgeoning sensibilities of the early Renaissance. The origins of his artistry are deeply rooted in the Florentine milieu, likely shaped by the influential circle surrounding the Master of St.
52of 99
Japans From Ise Zenboeddhisme On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
Musō Soseki, een vooraanstaand figuur in de Japanse kunst en spiritualiteit, werd geboren in 1275 en kwam op 20 oktober 1351 uit het leven. De invloed van Musō Soseki op de Japanse kunst is veelzijdig en weerspiegelt zowel Chinese invloeden als uitgesproken Japanse tradities.
53of 99
Italian From Pisa Gothic Art On Wikipedia in 11 of 32 languages
Francesco Traini (c. 1321 – c. 1365) stands as a singular figure in the artistic landscape of Tuscany during the tumultuous fourteenth century, primarily recognized for his monumental frescoes adorning the Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa and Bologna—works that encapsulate the anxieties and spiritual fervor born from the Black Death.
54of 99
Italian From Bologna International Gothic On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
Vitale da Bologna, a name whispered through the corridors of art history as the definitive master of the Bolognese Gothic, emerged from the vibrant cultural landscape of 14th-century Italy to leave an indelible mark on the Early Renaissance.
55of 99
Kurdish From Erbil Company Style
Sheikh Zain al-Din, also known as al-Iraqi, stands as a fascinating figure in the history of Indian miniature painting—a Kurdish artist born in Erbil, Iraq around 1325 who flourished under the complex patronage system of British Raj.
Works to know · Their 100 best-known works
56of 99
Spanish Gothic-Italian
Pere Serra, also known as Jaume Serra, stands as a compelling figure in the transition from the International Gothic style to the burgeoning Renaissance aesthetic within Catalonia. Born around 1357 and passing away in 1406, his life coincided with a period of significant artistic and cultural change across Europe, yet he maintained a distinctly Catalan sensibility throughout his career.
57of 99
Mexicaans From Tenochtitlan Meso-Amerikaanse kunst
De artistieke tradities van de Azteken, die in de vroege 14e eeuw ontstonden in Tenochtitlan, het hart van het Azteekse Rijk, waren diep geworteld in de nalatenschap van eerdere Meso-Amerikaanse beschavingen. De Olmeken, met hun kolossale hoofden en geavanceerde kalendersystemen, de Teotihuacanos, beroemd om hun massieve piramides en stadsplanning, en de Tolteken, meesters in metaalbewerking en beeldhouwkunst, droegen allemaal bij aan het rijke artistieke weefsel dat de Azteken erfden.
58of 99
Chinese From Taizhou Yuan dynasty calligraphy
Born in Taizhou, within the Zhejiang province of China, he was originally known by the name Zhu and also carried the moniker Nantang. His existence was deeply intertwined with the spiritual lineage of Zen Buddhism, as he sought enlightenment through the guidance of esteemed masters such as Guling Qingmao.
59of 99
Italian Byzantine-influenced art; Gothic art
In the shimmering, maritime heart of the fourteenth century, a transformative era was unfolding within the lagoons of Venice, and at its center stood Paolo Veneziano. Often revered as the undisputed founder of the Venetian School, this master artist—also known by names such as Paolo da Venezia or Veneziano Paolo —did more than merely paint; he forged a visual identity for a rising maritime republic.
60of 99
Italian From Perugia Renaissance
In the golden twilight of the Middle Ages, as the rigid structures of the Byzantine tradition began to soften under the burgeoning light of the Renaissance, there emerged a figure of profound architectural and decorative significance in the heart of Italy. Matteo di Ser Cambio, an artist whose name echoes through the halls of Perugia and Florence, served as a vital bridge between the medieval past and the humanist future.
61of 99
From Nanjing
Zhu Di was not a visual artist in the traditional sense, but rather the third emperor of China's Ming dynasty, known to history by his era name, the Yongle Emperor. Born in Nanjing, China, he rose from the position of Prince of Yan to become a formidable military leader and statesman.
62of 99
Catalan From Avinyonet del Penedès Gothic painting
Ferrer Bassa emerged from the artistic landscape of 14th-century Catalonia as a pivotal figure, bridging the gap between established Gothic traditions and the burgeoning Italianate styles that would reshape European painting. Born around 1285 in the small town of Avinyonet del Penedès, his early life remains shrouded in some mystery, yet the documented evidence reveals a trajectory marked by both diligent craftsmanship and royal favor.
63of 99
Italian From Modena Late Gothic On Wikipedia in 15 of 32 languages
Precise details concerning his familial background are elusive, yet evidence suggests he belonged to a noble family engaged in mercantile pursuits—a circumstance that afforded him access to resources crucial for pursuing scholarly endeavors and honing artistic skills.
64of 99
Italian From Bologna Renaissance, Proto-Renaissance
Jacopo d'Avanzi, a name resonating softly through the annals of the 14th-century Italian Renaissance, remains an artist shrouded in some mystery, often conflated with contemporaries like Jacopo de’ Bavozi. This environment undoubtedly played a crucial role in fostering d'Avanzi’s talent.
65of 99
Italiaans From San Quirico d'Orcia Naturalisme, Proto-Renaissance On Wikipedia in 10 of 32 languages
Pietro Lorenzetti, geboren rond 1280 en tragisch overleden in 1348 tijdens de verwoestende Zwarte Doodpandemie, blijft een centrale figuur in de evolutie van de Italiaanse schilderkunst.
Works to know · Their 100 best-known works
The Coronation of the Virgin, and Saints
The Camarlingo Niccolò di Leonardo della Gazaia, His Scrivener and Three Taxpayers (Sienese account book cover)
Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saint John the Evangelist, Saint Peter, Saint Agnes, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Saint Lucy, an Unidentified Female Saint, Saint Paul, and Saint John the Baptist, with Eve and the Serpent; the Annunciation66of 99
Italian From Florence Early Italian painter On Wikipedia in 14 of 32 languages
Born around 1324, Maso di Stefano—better known by his diminutive title—did not simply mimic his predecessors. In works like the Pietà of San Remigio, created around 1365, the artist captures a heavy, physical grief. The frescoes in the chapel of San Silvestro within the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence provide evidence of his capacity for complex storytelling.
67of 99
Yuan dynasty From Jiashan County On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
After completing his formal education, Wu Zhen made the deliberate choice to abandon the life of a scholar or a warrior to pursue the art of painting.
68of 99
Florentine From Florence Later Gothic On Wikipedia in 10 of 32 languages
Florence serves as the backdrop for the career of Jacopo del Casentino. As a pupil of Taddeo Gaddi, Casentino absorbs the technical foundations of the Florentine tradition while looking toward new horizons. Alongside Bernardo Daddi, Casentino helps spread the popularity of these portable altars across Italy, bringing sacred imagery into the quiet corners of domestic life.
Learned from Taddeo Gaddi #6 · Taught Spinello Aretino #12
69of 99
Italian From Florence Early Renaissance On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
Giusto de’ Menabuoi (c. 1320–1391) was an Italian painter born in Florence, marking the dawn of the Quattrocento – a pivotal era in Renaissance art history. Notably, between 1375 and 1378, he embarked upon the decoration of the Baptistery of Saint Anthony – a project that exemplifies his innovative blending of Byzantine influences with Florentine artistic sensibilities.
70of 99
French From Hesdin International Gothic On Wikipedia in 13 of 32 languages
He is also known as Jacquemart of Hesdin. Hesdin, his namesake, was a fortified citadel in the Pas-de-Calais region, then part of Flanders and under Burgundian influence.
71of 99
Italian From Viterbo Early Italian Renaissance
In the heart of fourteenth-century Italy, amidst the spiritual awakening of the early Renaissance, the name Matteo Giovanetti emerged as a beacon of devotional mastery. His life’s work serves as a vital bridge between the rigid, symbolic traditions of the Gothic period and the burgeoning naturalism that would soon define the Italian Renaissance.
72of 99
Japan From Yamashiro Zen buddhism art
He was born in Yamashiro Province (modern Kyoto Prefecture), a region deeply rooted in Buddhist tradition.
73of 99
Chinese Zen Buddhism
In the quiet, meditative corridors of history, few figures loom as large or as transformative as Seisetsu Shōchō (1274–1339). Born in China during the vibrant Yuan Dynasty, his life was a bridge between two worlds, spanning the intellectual rigor of Chinese scholarship and the spiritual revitalization of Japanese Zen.
74of 99
Italian From Siena Sienese school
Bartolommeo Bulgarini, known variously as Bulgarino or Bologhini, emerged from the vibrant artistic ferment of fourteenth-century Siena to become one of the most profound voices of the Trecento. Born around 1300, his life was inextricably linked to the golden age of Sienese painting, a period defined by a unique tension between the celestial and the terrestrial.
75of 99
Japanese From Hara Zen painting
Tettō’s early life was immersed in the traditions of Japanese art. Born into a family with a history of artistic endeavors, he received his initial training in various traditional forms – calligraphy, landscape painting, and perhaps even woodblock printing.
76of 99
Italian From Modena Byzantine-influenced Lombard Painting On Wikipedia in 12 of 32 languages
Born around 1328 in Modena (Emilia), he emerged from obscurity to become arguably the first Lombard painter of considerable renown, leaving behind an impressive oeuvre that testifies to his unwavering devotion to this venerable artistic heritage. His activity spanned Lombardy, Piedmont, and Pisa in Tuscany, establishing him as a pivotal artist within the burgeoning cultural dynamism of the era.
77of 99
German-Bohemian From Schwaebisch Guemund Late Gothic
In the heart of the Late Middle Ages, a period defined by soaring spires and profound devotion, Peter Parler emerged as one of the most influential architects and sculptors of his era. Known variously as Peter von Gemünd or Petr Parléř, his identity was inextricably linked to the Parler family, a lineage of craftsmen whose influence stretched across much of Central Europe.
78of 99
Italiaans From Barcelona Vroege Renaissance
Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment was een catalaanse admiraal van de Kroon van Aragon in de 14e eeuw. Hij werd geboren in Barcelona, Spanje in 1310 en overleed in 1390. Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment was niet enkel een bekwame militaire leider, maar ook een veelzijdig kunstenaar.
79of 99
Chinese From Beijing Landscape Art
The Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), established by Kublai Khan, represents a singular moment in Chinese history – the first time a foreign power successfully ruled over all of China. Understanding Yuan art requires delving into its complex context: the ambition of Kublai Khan to unite Eurasia under Mongol rule, coupled with a burgeoning intellectual elite eager to embrace new ideas and traditions.
80of 99
Italian From Verona Trecento art
Giovanni di Rigino, a name resonating softly through the annals of Trecento sculpture, emerged from the vibrant artistic milieu of Verona in approximately 1315 or 1320.
81of 99
Italian From Siena Gothic Art
Domenico di Agostino, born in Siena around 1317, emerged from the vibrant artistic milieu of a city deeply steeped in religious fervor. While not as widely celebrated as some of his contemporaries like Duccio or Simone Martini, Domenico carved out a significant place for himself within the Sienese School, becoming known for his intensely devotional works and refined stylistic approach.
82of 99
Italian Gothic Art Italy
Siena’s artistic climate was characterized by a distinctive emphasis on grace, refined detail, and narrative clarity – qualities that would become hallmarks of Agnolo’s own work.
83of 99
Italian From Milan Gothic
Giovanni da Campione (c.1320-1375) stands as a pivotal figure in the artistic landscape of Milanese Gothic sculpture, renowned for his dramatic depictions of warfare and the monumental Tomb of Cangrande della Scala – a testament to both technical prowess and humanist ideals.
84of 99
Italian From Arezzo Humanist poetry
Born in Arezzo, Italy, in 1304 as Francesco Patriarca – later adopting the name Francesco Petrarca – this artist was more than just a painter; he was a pivotal figure in the burgeoning Italian Renaissance. His family, prominent Florentine notaries, faced exile due to the turbulent power struggles between the White and Black Guelphs.
85of 99
From Siena
His origins lie within a Sienese family with a tradition of sculpting and architecture. However, modern scholarship proposes an apprenticeship under Camaino di Crescentino, father to Tino di Camaino, as more likely.
86of 99
Japanese From Tokyo Zen Buddhism
Sesson Yūbai (雪村 友梅; 1290 – 14th day of the 1st month, 1347) stands as one of Japan’s most revered Zen Buddhist poets and monks—a figure inextricably linked to the profound aesthetic principles that define the Five Mountains School of Zen.
87of 99
Egyptian From Cairo Islamic Art
The early life of Barquq remains somewhat shrouded in historical detail, typical for figures within the Mamluk elite whose power was often built on military prowess and strategic alliances rather than documented lineage.
88of 99
Italian From Certaldo Humanism precursor
Born amidst the rolling landscapes of Certaldo in 1313, Giovanni Boccaccio emerged as a vital force in the cultural landscape of the fourteenth century. As one of the legendary "Three Crowns" of Italian literature—standing alongside the giants Dante Alighieri and Petrarch—his life served as a bridge between the medieval world and the dawning light of the Renaissance.
89of 99
Japanese Buddhist Art
In the turbulent landscape of fourteenth-century Japan, amidst the political fragmentation of the Northern and Southern Courts, there emerged a figure whose influence transcended the mere boundaries of imperial governance. Emperor Kōgon (1313–1364) was not merely a sovereign navigating a period of profound instability; he was a visionary patron whose devotion to Buddhist iconography helped reshape the aesthetic soul of Northern Japan.
90of 99
Japanese From Tokyo Rinzai Zen
Jakushitsu Genkō (寂室 元光, june 23, 1290 – september 25, 1367) stands as a singular figure in fourteenth-century Japan—a Rinzai Zen master whose artistic output transcended mere craftsmanship to embody the very essence of contemplative practice.
91of 99
Italian From Sant Joan de les Abadès Sienese painting, Gothic influence
92of 99
English From Norwich Medieval Mysticism
In the heart of a bustling, medieval port city, amidst the shadows of the Black Death and the tremors of the Peasants’ Revolt, lived a woman whose voice would transcend the stone walls of her enclosure. Julian of Norwich, known variously as Lady Julian or Mother Julian, carved out a life of profound stillness within the Holy Cell of Norwich Cathedral.
93of 99
Italian From Florence Renaissance Painting On Wikipedia in 10 of 32 languages
Born around 1320, he was part of a formidable artistic dynasty, working alongside his brothers, the renowned Orcagna (Andrea di Cione) and Jacopo di Cione. The zenith of Nardo’s collaborative achievements can be found within the hallowed walls of the Cappella Strozzi in Santa Maria Novella.
94of 99
Egyptian From Amarna Ancient Egyptian Art
Born as Tutankhaten, the Living Image of Aten, his early years were defined by the radical, monotheistic shadows cast by his predecessor, Akhenaten. Yet, the boy who would become Tutankhamun possessed a destiny far greater than mere survival.
95of 99
Italian From Modena Giottesque & Bolognese
In the twilight of the fourteenth century, amidst the architectural grandeur of Northern Italy, the name Serafino Serafini emerged as a vital, if enigmatic, force in the evolution of late medieval painting. Born around 1324 in the industrious city of Modena, Serafini’s origins were deeply rooted in the tactile traditions of his homeland.
96of 99
Italian Venetian Gothic
Filippo Calendario stands as a pivotal figure in the artistic landscape of fourteenth-century Venice, primarily recognized for his monumental contributions to the construction and decoration of the Doge’s Palace—a testament to Venetian architectural prowess during its golden age. Born around 1315, likely in Florence, Calendario’s early life was shaped by the rigorous traditions of Italian craftsmanship.
Works to know · Their 100 best-known works
97of 99
Italian From Pietrantonella Late Medieval Art
In the twilight of the Middle Ages, as the rigid structures of the Gothic era began to soften under the burgeoning light of the Renaissance, there emerged a master whose hands shaped the very identity of Neapolitan grandeur.
98of 99
Italian From Tosa Byzantine art
The figure known as the Master of 1336 remains one of the most intriguing enigmas in Italian art history. While his name—a label bestowed upon him due to a fresco depicting the miracle of the Virgin Mary in Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pistoia—offers little insight into his personal identity, his paintings speak volumes about the artistic currents shaping Tuscany at the time.
99of 99
Japanese Zen Buddhist Art
In the turbulent landscape of Japan’s Nanbokuchō period, a time defined by political fragmentation and spiritual searching, there emerged a figure whose brushstrokes offered a glimpse into eternal stillness.
Pictures worth knowing
When it happened
Fun figures
| Italy | 34 |
|---|---|
| Italië | 21 |
| Japan | 10 |
| China | 4 |
| Spain | 3 |
| France | 3 |
| Egypt | 3 |
| People's Republic of China | 2 |
| 1270s | 4 |
|---|---|
| 1280s | 9 |
| 1290s | 11 |
| 1300s | 9 |
| 1310s | 8 |
| 1320s | 12 |
| 1330s | 13 |
| 1340s | 9 |
| 1350s | 15 |
| 1360s | 9 |
| Metropolitan Museum of Art | 20 |
|---|---|
| Yale University Art Gallery | 5 |
| Gemäldegalerie | 5 |
| Galleria degli Uffizi | 4 |
| National Gallery | 4 |
| National Gallery of Art | 3 |
| Philadelphia Museum of Art | 3 |
| Louvre | 3 |
Just the names
Simone MartiniItaliaans · 1284–1344Andrej RoebljovRussisch · 1360–1430Ambrogio LorenzettiItaliaans · 1290–1348Pietro LorenzettiItaliaans · 1280–1348Hubert Van EyckNederlands · 1366–1426Taddeo GaddiItaliaans · 1300–1366Agnolo GaddiItalian · 1350–1396Theophanes de GriekGrieks · 1335–1410Paolo VenezianoItaliaans · 1333–1358Lippo MemmiItaliaan · 1291–1356Altichiero Da ZevioItaliaans · 1330–1390Spinello AretinoItaliaans · 1350–1410Bernardo DaddiItaliaans · 1290–1348Andrea PisanoItaliaans · 1290–1348Niccolò Di TommasoItaliaans · 1346–1376Ni ZanChinees · 1301–1374Andrea Di Cione (Orcagna)Italiaans · 1308–1368OrcagnaItaliaans · 1315–1368Giovanni Di Jacopo Da Caversaccio (Ook Bekend Als Giovanni Da Milano)Italiaans · 1346–1369Barna Da SienaItalian · 1330–1380Wang MengChinese · 1308–1385Cresques AbrahamSpanish · 1325–1387Nicolas BatailleFrench · 1330–1405Lorenzo VenezianoItaliaans · 1336–1379Segna Di BuonaventureItalian · 1298–1326Cennino CenniniItalian · 1360–1440Ugolino Di NerioItaliaans · 1280–1330Taddeo di BartoloItalian · 1362–1422Lippo Di BenivieniItalian · 1296–1327Zhao YuanChinese · geboren in 1350Andrea Di BartoloItalian · 1360–1428Lorenzo di BicciItalian · 1350–1427Melchior BroederlamBelgian · 1355–1410Bicci Di LorenzoItaliaans · 1350–1427Gherardo StarninaItalian · 1354–1413Jean PucelleFrench · 1300–1334Andrea di BonaiutoItaliaans · 1343–1379Guariento di ArpoItalian · 1310–1370Giovanni Del BiondoItalian · 1356–1399Claus SluterNederlands · 1355–1406Kokan ShirenJapanese · 1278–1346Jacopo di CioneItalian · 1325–1399Bartolo Di FrediItalian · 1330–1410Conrad von SoestGerman · 1360–1423TuthmosisEgyptian · 1340–1300Giovanni da MilanoItalian · 1325–1370Master BertramGerman · 1345–1415Agostino Di GiovanniItalian · 1285–1347Ashikaga Yoshimitsu1358–1408André BeauneveuNetherlandish · 1335–1403Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino)Italian · 1330–1380Musō SosekiJapans · 1275–1351Francesco TrainiItalian · 1321–1365Vitale Da BolognaItalian · 1289–1359Sheikh Zain Al-DinKurdish · geboren in 1325Pere SerraSpanish · 1357–1406Azteekse RijkMexicaans · 1300–1521Liaoan QingyuChinese · 1288–1363Marco Di Paolo VenezianoItalian · geboren in 1362Matteo Di Ser CambioItalian · 1351–1424Zhu Di1360–1424Ferrer BassaCatalan · 1285–1348Tommaso Da ModenaItalian · 1326–1379Jacopo AvanziItalian · 1350–1416Paolo Di Giovanni FeiItaliaans · 1345–1411GiottinoItalian · 1324–1372Wu ZhenYuan dynasty · 1280–1354Jacopo del CasentinoFlorentine · 1297–1358Giusto De' MenabuoiItalian · 1330–1393Jacquemart de HesdinFrench · 1350–1410Matteo GiovanettiItalian · 1322–1368Reisai GukyokuJapan · 1363–1452Qingzhuo Zhengcheng, Ch'Ing-Cho Cheng-Ch'EngChinese · 1274–1339Bartolommeo BulgariniItalian · 1305–1378Gikō TettōJapanese · 1295–1369Barnaba Da ModenaItalian · 1328–1386Peter ParlerGerman-Bohemian · 1330–1399Bonanat Descoll I De SantclimentItaliaans · 1310–1390Yuan DynastyChinese · 1271–1368Giovanni Di RiginoItalian · geboren in 1315Domenico Di AgostinoItalian · 1317–1366Agnolo Di VenturaItalian · 1290–1349Giovanni Da CampioneItalian · 1320–1375Francesco Di PetraccoItalian · 1304–1374Giovanni d'Agostino1285–1347Sesson YūbaiJapanese · 1290–1347Sultan Al-Malik Al-Zahir Abu Sa’Id BarquqEgyptian · 1339–1399Giovanni Di Chellino BoccaccioItalian · 1313–1375Emperor KōgonJapanese · 1313–1364Jakushitsu GenkōJapanese · 1290–1367Bernat Saulet I El Taller De Sant Joan De Les AbadessesItalian · 1341–1342Mother JulianEnglish · geboren in 1343Nardo di CioneItalian · 1320–1366TutankhamenEgyptian · 1345–1327Serafino SerafiniItalian · 1324–1393Filippo CalendarioItalian · 1315–1355Antonio Baboccio Da PipernoItalian · 1351–1435Zekkai ChūshinItalian · 1336–1405Ryūshū ShūtakuJapanese · 1307–1388Good questions
Simone Martini (#1) is first in this ranking, followed by Andrej Roebljov (#2) and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3).
Simone Martini (#1), Andrej Roebljov (#2), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3), Pietro Lorenzetti (#4) en Hubert Van Eyck (#5).
The highest-ranked living artiesten in this list are Zhao Yuan (#30), Sheikh Zain Al-Din (#55), Marco Di Paolo Veneziano (#59), Giovanni Di Rigino (#80) en Mother Julian (#92).
1 women are in this ranking: Mother Julian (#92).
The highest-ranked artiesten born in Italië are Simone Martini (#1), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3), Pietro Lorenzetti (#4), Taddeo Gaddi (#6) en Agnolo Gaddi (#7).
Most artiesten in this list were born in the 1350s (15 of 99), between 1271 and 1366 overall.
Taddeo Gaddi (#6) taught Agnolo Gaddi (#7) en Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) (#51); Simone Martini (#1) taught Lippo Memmi (#10); Spinello Aretino (#12) taught Lorenzo di Bicci (#32).
The earliest-born kunstenaar in this list is Yuan Dynasty (#79), born in 1271.
“In dat jaar schilderde hij het Maestà -fresco voor het Palazzo Pubblico, de zetel van het stadsbestuur.” — from our biography of Simone Martini (#1).
The museums holding the most key works of this list are Metropolitan Museum of Art (20), Yale University Art Gallery (5) en Gemäldegalerie (5).
The highest-ranked artiesten born in Italy are Barna Da Siena (#20), Cennino Cennini (#26), Taddeo di Bartolo (#28), Lippo Di Benivieni (#29) en Andrea Di Bartolo (#31).
Our catalogue holds 1,514 works by these artiesten. Each one can be ordered as a hand-painted oil reproduction or a print.
Read more
Other styles
Beroemde Baroque-artiestenDe Nachtwacht · Rembrandt
Beroemde Contemporary Realist-artiestenDe Graassters · Jean-François Millet
Beroemde Impressionist-artiestenDe Sterrennacht (New York, MoMA) · Vincent Van Gogh
Beroemde Romanticist-artiestenSaturnus die zijn zoon verslindt · Francisco Goya
Beroemde Neoclassicist-artiestenDe dood van Marat · Jacques-Louis David
Beroemde Realist-artiestenDe oorsprong van de wereld · Gustave Courbet
Beroemde Renaissance-artiestenMona Lisa (La Gioconda) · Leonardo Da Vinci
Beroemde Dutch Golden Age-artiestenHet meisje met de parel · Johannes Vermeer
Beroemde Expressionist-artiestenCompositie VII · Wassily Kandinsky
Beroemde Rococo-artiestenDe Vestiging naar Cythère · Antoine WatteauOther eras
Beroemde Early Medieval-artiestenSnowy River · Wang Wei
Beroemde High Medieval-artiestenMadonna in Maest (Ognissanti Madonna) · Giotto Di Bondone
Beroemde Renaissance-artiestenDe Schepping van Adam · Michelangelo Buonarroti
Beroemde Early Modern-artiestenDe Roeping van Sint Mattheüs · Caravaggio
Beroemde 19th Century-artiestenWaterlelies (of Nympheas) · Claude Monet
Beroemde Modern-artiestenGuernica · Pablo Picasso
Beroemde Contemporary-artiestenWind Sculpture III (one in a series of nine) · Yinka ShonibareKeep exploring
![Saint Mary Magdalene, with an Angel [left panel] door Pietro Lorenzetti](/media/artworks/images-thumb/56/70/567081333697abce62276a169dde6184.jpg)
![Madonna of Humility, The Blessing Christ, Two Angels, and a Donor [obverse] door Andrea Di Bartolo](/media/artworks/images-thumb/f3/31/f3317163438ed194835309786408ef36.jpg)
![[Appointment of Romeu Desplà as administrator and notary for the works of the galleys at the Drassanes (shipyards) of Barcelona]\n\nAppointment door Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment](/media/artworks/images-thumb/64/e7/64e7531469fd5686ef82dea4779099f0.jpg)
![Saint Peter [left panel] door Nardo di Cione](/media/artworks/images-thumb/45/65/4565bd93c5ceb8d7a9e277b4bdd827fe.jpg)
