Grey Numbers
Jasper Johns’ ‘Grey Numbers’ – a densely packed, abstract composition resembling a chaotic crowd or mass of figures. It’s dominated by shades of blue and grey, creating a somber and somewhat unsettling atmosphere. The image is constructed from numerous small, roughly rectangular shapes, each containing a partial depiction of human faces – some clearly defined, others obscured or fragmented. The style leans towards Expressionism with elements of Cubism due to the broken-down forms and multiple perspectives within each individual block.
Compositionally, it’s highly compressed, lacking any clear focal point; the eye is forced to move across the entire surface. Lines are predominantly rough and gestural, contributing to a sense of urgency and instability. Shapes are primarily rectangular with irregular edges, adding to the disorienting effect. Texture appears thick and impastoed, suggesting a heavily layered application of paint.
Lighting seems diffuse and even, lacking strong highlights or shadows, which further emphasizes the flatness of the image. Perspective is largely absent; it’s a two-dimensional representation without any sense of depth. The subject matter revolves around the collective human experience – perhaps representing anxiety, alienation, or the overwhelming nature of modern life.
Symbolically, the fragmented faces could suggest loss of identity or the breakdown of individual consciousness within a larger group. They represent a deliberate rejection of traditional pictorial conventions and an embrace of the materiality of paint itself. Johns’ fascination with repetition—particularly the numbering system—reflects a broader interest in exploring fundamental concepts of order and chaos.
Technique involves oil paint applied with broad brushstrokes and heavy impasto, creating a tactile surface that invites contemplation. The artist meticulously crafted each shape using encaustic wax alongside pigment, resulting in an exceptionally durable and luminous finish. This method underscores Johns’ commitment to pushing the boundaries of artistic expression and capturing the essence of visual experience.
Artist: Jasper Johns
Born Year: 1930
Death Year: Living
Birth City: Augusta
Birth Country: United States of America
Johns emerged as a pivotal figure in the landscape of American art, bridging the emotive intensity of Abstract Expressionism with the burgeoning Pop Art movement that would soon redefine artistic boundaries. Born in Augusta, Georgia, in 1930, his early life was marked by a sense of displacement following his parents’ divorce, an experience that perhaps subtly informed his later explorations of identity and belonging within the context of American iconography.
His formative years unfolded across various schools before he briefly attended the University of South Carolina, but it wasn't until his move to New York City in 1949 that Johns truly began to forge his artistic path. A period of service during the Korean War further shaped his perspective, exposing him to a world far removed from the burgeoning art scene he was eager to embrace upon his return.
Breaking with Abstraction: The Dawn of a New Visual Language
The post-war years witnessed a seismic shift in artistic sensibilities, as artists wrestled with the legacy of Surrealism and sought new avenues for conveying emotion and meaning. Johns’ groundbreaking approach—characterized by a deliberate simplification of form and an obsession with everyday objects—challenged prevailing aesthetic norms and paved the way for innovations that would resonate throughout subsequent decades.
“Three Flags,” created in 1958, exemplifies this stylistic trajectory. Johns meticulously layered three painted images of the flag onto a single canvas, employing a technique reminiscent of Cubism to fracture visual perception and disrupt conventional spatial relationships. This ambitious undertaking underscores Johns’ unwavering commitment to experimenting with materials and processes—specifically encaustic wax—to achieve unprecedented textural depth and luminosity.
Furthermore, Johns' preoccupation with repetition—evident in works like 0 through 9 and Figure 2, 1961– reflects a broader intellectual engagement with mathematical concepts and the exploration of fundamental visual principles. As critic Michael Crichton aptly observed, “Looking closely helps, though the paint is applied so sensually there is always the danger of falling in love” (M. Crichton,*Jasper Johns*, New York, 1994, p. 32).
The influence of Picasso’s still lifes—particularly his masterful manipulation of perspective and form—is palpable in Johns’ oeuvre. By adopting a similar strategy of distilling visual experience into its most essential elements, Johns achieved a remarkable feat of artistic synthesis.
“Gray Numbers” stands as a testament to Johns' enduring fascination with the materiality of paint and his unwavering dedication to pushing the boundaries of artistic convention. Its textured surface—created through meticulous encaustic layering—captures the subtle nuances of light and color, inviting viewers to contemplate the complexities of perception and representation.
The Tremaine Collection’s patronage played a crucial role in fostering Johns' artistic development, providing him with invaluable resources and opportunities for experimentation. As curator Douglas Druick eloquently stated, “The Tremaine Collection’s patronage played a crucial role in fostering Johns’ artistic development, providing him with invaluable resources and opportunities for experimentation.”
