Student Artwork Guide
Copyright This work is in the public domain. John Maler Collier died in 1934; copyright lasts 70 years after the artist’s death, so it ended in 2004.
In context
Spring — John Maler Collier
Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 84 at death.
Shaded: the lifetime of John Maler Collier (1850–1934) every dated painting, decade by decade
First works: up to 1891 Main working years: 1891–1909 Late works: from 1909
Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them
This record has no exact year on file — using the artist's lifetime and the work's style, what decade would you guess?
Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.
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Measured from the image
Main colour
Driftwood #8f8232
Catalogued palette
These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour
The ten leading countries
Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.
Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 82 works by this artist, of which 20 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 16 of them, with 2.8% of that attention (100 visits). The same counts, month by month
Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.
Artist and museum
Born in London, United Kingdom
Born: London, United Kingdom (1850)
Died: 1934
John Maler Collier OBE RP ROI was a prominent English artist and author, celebrated as a leading portrait painter of his generation. His artistic style leaned heavily into the Pre-Raphaelite aesthetic, characterized by meticulous detail, vibrant colors, and a focus on narrative storytelling within portraits.
Family Background: Collier hailed from a distinguished family. His grandfather was a Quaker merchant and Member of Parliament, while his father served as Attorney General and a judge in the Privy Council. This privileged background afforded him access to education and societal circles that would later influence his artistic career.
Education: He received his early education at Eton College before pursuing formal art training.
Formal Studies: Collier studied painting at the Munich Academy starting in 1875, honing his skills under established masters. He also studied in Paris with Jean-Paul Laurens.
Pre-Raphaelite Influence: Collier’s work is deeply rooted in the Pre-Raphaelite movement, evident in his attention to detail, rich color palettes, and a tendency towards narrative scenes within portraits.
Portraiture Focus: He primarily specialized in portraiture, capturing likenesses of prominent figures from various fields including art, science, politics, and royalty.
Notable Subjects: Collier’s sitters included Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley (his father-in-law), Rudyard Kipling, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, two Lord Chancellors (Earl of Selborne and Earl of Halsbury), the Speaker of the House of Commons William Gully, and Field Marshal Lord Kitchener.
Royal Portraits: Significant commissions included portraits of the Duke of York (later King George V) as Master of Trinity House in 1901, and the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII). The latter was displayed at Durbar Hall in Jodhpur, Rajputana.
"Problem Pictures": Beyond formal portraiture, Collier also created "problem pictures," depicting scenes from everyday life, often showcasing a brighter and fresher style than his more solemn portraits.
Marriages to Huxley's Daughters: A defining aspect of Collier’s life was his marriage to two daughters of Thomas Henry Huxley, a renowned scientist and President of the Royal Society. His first wife, Marian (Mady) Huxley, was also an artist.
Family Legacy: His daughter by his first marriage, Joyce, became a portrait miniaturist. His second son, Sir Laurence Collier, served as the British Ambassador to Norway from 1941-1951.
Close Ties to Intellectual Circles: Collier maintained close relationships with prominent intellectuals and writers of his time, including Leonard Huxley (Thomas Henry Huxley’s son).
Recognition and Awards: Collier was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1920.
Critical Reception: While initially praised, his work later received mixed reviews. Some critics compared his style to that of Frank Holl due to its solemnity, while others recognized his "strong and surprising sense of color."
Extensive Record Keeping: Collier meticulously documented his sitters in a handwritten book, providing valuable insight into his career and the individuals he portrayed. This “Sitters Book” is now housed in the Heinz Archive and Library at the National Portrait Gallery.
Representation in Major Collections: Sixteen of Collier’s paintings are held by the National Portrait Gallery in London, with two residing in the Tate Gallery.
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Look closely
Spring — John Maler Collier
Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.
Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.
Other names recorded for John Maler Collier, creator of "Spring", include Maler Collier, J. M. Collier.
Overall, "Spring" is recorded as brilliant. Perceived brightness describes how light or dark the work appears.
The colors of "Spring" form a nature palette. This classification describes the dominant color families.