Pinturicchio

Bernardino di Betto Betti, zis Pinturicchio

Bernardino Pinturicchio or Pintoricchio (c. 1454 – December 11, 1513), also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian painter during the Renaissance. He acquired his nickname (“little painter”) because of his diminutive stature. He used it to sign some of his artworks that he produced during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Early Years

Pinturicchio was born the son of Benedetto di Biagio in Perugia. In his career, he may have trained under lesser-known Perugian painters such as Bonfigli and Fiorenzo di Lorenzo. According to Giorgio Vasari, Pinturicchio was a paid assistant of Pietro Perugino. This collaboration undoubtedly shaped his artistic development. The works of the Perugian Renaissance school are very similar; and paintings by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Lo Spagna and a young Raphael may often be mistaken one for the other. In the execution of large frescoes, pupils and assistants had a large share in the work, either in enlarging the master’s sketch to the full-sized cartoon, in transferring the cartoon to the wall, or in painting backgrounds or accessories. His assignment in Rome, to decorate the Sistine Chapel, was an experience fraught with learning from prominent artists of the time, including Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Pietro Vanucci and Luca Signorelli. The Sistine Chapel was where it is believed that Pinturicchio was collaborating with Perugino to some extent.

Frescoes in Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome

After assisting Perugino in his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Pinturicchio was employed by various members of the Della Rovere family to decorate the Semi-Gods Ceiling of Palazzo dei Penitenzieri and also a series of chapels in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, where he appears to have worked from 1484, or earlier, to 1492. “Would be, if it had been left with all its original decorations, one of the finest monuments to Pintoricchio’s art in Italy,” sums up Evelyn March Phillipps. The earliest of his works is an altarpiece of the Adoration of the Shepherds, in the Della Rovere Chapel, the first chapel (from the west) on the south, built by Cardinal Domenico della Rovere. In the lunettes under the vault Pinturicchio painted small scenes from the life of St Jerome. The polychrome grotesque wall decoration on yellow-gold background were probably inspired by the paintings of the Domus Aurea, and belong to the earliest and highest quality of their kind in Rome.

Work for Pope Alexander VI

The frescos which he painted in the Cybo Chapel, built by Cardinal Lorenzo Cybo de Mari in the beginning of the 16th century, were destroyed in 1682, when the chapel was rebuilt by Cardinal Alderano Cybo. The old fresco of the Virgin and Child by Pinturicchio was detached from the wall and sent by the cardinal to Massa in 1687. The fragment was re-used as the altarpiece of the Ducal Chapel of the Cathedral of Massa. Pinturicchio’s work for Pope Alexander VI, Rodrigo Borgia, created a suite of rooms lavishly adorned with frescoes depicting mythological scenes, portraits and allegorical representations. These apartments, though controversial due to their association with the infamous Borgia family, stand as a remarkable example of Renaissance decorative art, revealing Pinturicchio’s ability to blend classical motifs with his own unique aesthetic sensibility. The use of gold leaf, vibrant colors, and illusionistic techniques created an atmosphere of opulent splendor, reflecting the power and ambition of the papal court.

Legacy and Enduring Influence

Pinturicchio's artistic legacy is one of refined elegance and meticulous craftsmanship. While he may not have possessed the same level of fame as some of his contemporaries, his influence on subsequent generations of artists is undeniable. His unique style – a harmonious blend of Gothic grace and Renaissance innovation – resonated with those who appreciated subtlety and detail. He demonstrated an exceptional ability to create visually stunning compositions that were both aesthetically pleasing and intellectually stimulating. His work in the Piccolomini Library in Siena, completed shortly before his death in 1513, showcases a clarity of form and color that foreshadows the High Renaissance style. Pinturicchio’s art continues to captivate viewers today, offering a glimpse into a world of beauty, refinement, and artistic mastery – a world where the delicate touch of a “little painter” left an indelible mark on the landscape of Italian Renaissance art.