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Susanna and the Elders, Second Version

Nome Turma Data

Lovis Corinth, Susanna and the Elders, Second Version (1890), Museu Folkwang. Domínio público.

Informações principais

Artista
Lovis Corinth artsdot.com/pt/artists/lovis-corinth_pt/
Datas do artista
1858 – 1925
Pintura
1890
Técnica
Oil On Canvas
Dimensões originais
159 x 114 cm
Movimento
Expressionism Colour and shape deliberately distorted so the picture shows an emotion rather than a likeness.
Período
19th Century
Realizado em
Museu Folkwang artsdot.com/pt/museums/museu-folkwang-essen_pt/
Artistic style
Expressionism, Naturalism
Influences
Impressionism
Notable elements
Nude depiction, voyeurism
Subject or theme
Biblical story, Susanna

No contexto

Susanna and the Elders, Second Version — Lovis Corinth

Dimensões

As dimensões originais são 159 × 114 cm (altura × largura), representadas aqui ao lado de um adulto de altura média.

Ano de criação

  1. 1850
  2. 1860
  3. 1870
  4. 1880
  5. 1890
  6. 1900
  7. 1910
  8. 1920

Sombreado: a trajetória de Lovis Corinth (1858–1925) ▲ esta obra, 1890

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Paleta de cores

Medido a partir da imagem

    Cor principal

    Driftwood #998967

    Paleta catalogada

    • #998967
    • #624D40
    • #241B1A
    • #CCC49A
    Paleta
    Earthy A família de cores predominante na imagem.
    Nome da cor principal
    Driftwood
    Intensidade
    Balanced O quão saturadas e variadas são as cores, desde um único tom suave até muitos tons vibrantes.
    Contraste
    Statement O grau de variação da luminosidade e saturação das cores ao longo da imagem.
    Harmonia
    Softly Mixed Palette A forma como as cores interagem entre si, desde o contraste marcante até a total harmonia.
    Brilho
    Shadow O nível de luminosidade ou escuridão da imagem como um todo, desde as sombras profundas até os brilhos intensos.
    Saturação
    Subtle Color Quão puras e intensas são as cores, do quase cinza ao totalmente vívido.

    Sobre esta obra

    Susanna and the Elders, Second Version — Lovis Corinth

    The Enigmatic Bath: Lovis Corinth’s *Susanna and the Elders*

    Lovis Corinth's 1890 painting, Susanna and the Elders, is not merely a depiction of a biblical narrative; it’s a profound exploration of voyeurism, power dynamics, and the unsettling beauty of the human form. Captured in oil on canvas with an intimate scale of 159 x 114 cm, this work resides within the Museum Folkwang in Essen, Germany, offering viewers a direct encounter with Corinth’s intensely personal vision. The painting immediately draws the eye to Susanna, a young woman caught in a moment of vulnerability and quiet defiance as she attends to her toilette. Her posture—leaning forward, hand reaching for a towel—suggests both modesty and an awareness of being observed, a key element that anchors the entire composition.

    Corinth’s stylistic choices are deliberately arresting. He eschews the idealized beauty often associated with biblical scenes, presenting Susanna with a strikingly realistic portrayal. Her skin is rendered with a palpable texture, her features subtly defined yet undeniably sensual. This departure from academic tradition was characteristic of Corinth's artistic journey – he sought to capture the essence of his subjects rather than adhere rigidly to established conventions. The muted palette—dominated by earthy tones and subtle gradations of light and shadow—further enhances this sense of immediacy, creating a feeling as though we are witnessing a private moment unfold before us.

    A Story Unveiled: Biblical Roots and Corinth’s Interpretation

    The story depicted is drawn from the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament. Susanna was falsely accused of adultery by two malicious elders who sought to discredit her and seize her property. To save herself, she invoked divine intervention, claiming that a dream revealed her innocence. This narrative, rich with themes of justice, deception, and female agency, has been interpreted across various cultures and artistic movements throughout history. Corinth’s choice to focus on the moment after the bath—the act of dressing—shifts the emphasis from the accusation itself to Susanna's immediate response: a quiet assertion of her dignity in the face of potential danger.

    Interestingly, Corinth himself became part of the narrative as the unseen observer. Art historians believe he modeled for one of the elders, effectively positioning himself within the scene and adding a layer of self-awareness to the work. This bold move transforms Susanna and the Elders into a complex meditation on perception, representation, and the artist’s own role in shaping the narrative.

    Symbolism and the Shadowy Gaze

    The painting is laden with symbolic details that invite careful consideration. The stone slabs forming the backdrop are not merely architectural elements; they represent the cold, unyielding nature of societal judgment. The partially drawn curtain hints at a hidden world—a space where secrets and desires lurk just beyond view. Crucially, the two men observing Susanna from behind the curtain are rendered in shadow, their faces indistinct yet undeniably present. This deliberate obscuration speaks to the act of voyeurism – the unsettling pleasure derived from watching without being seen.

    The clothing itself is significant. The simple white undergarment contrasts sharply with the richly colored robe, suggesting a vulnerability juxtaposed against an underlying strength. The scattered garments on the bench further emphasize Susanna’s state of disarray and her struggle to regain control. Corinth masterfully uses light and shadow to create a dramatic interplay between exposure and concealment, heightening the emotional tension within the scene.

    A Masterpiece of Intimacy and Observation

    Susanna and the Elders is more than just a biblical illustration; it’s a deeply personal and psychologically astute work. Corinth's innovative approach to depicting the nude figure, combined with his exploration of themes like voyeurism and power, cemented his place as a pivotal figure in the transition from Impressionism to Expressionism. The painting continues to resonate today because it confronts fundamental questions about human nature—our capacity for both beauty and cruelty, our desire for connection and our tendency towards observation. A reproduction captures this intimate drama with remarkable fidelity, offering a window into Corinth’s world and inviting viewers to contemplate the complexities of the scene long after they've first encountered it.

    Artista e museu

    Artista

    Lovis Corinth

    Nascido em Tauwade, Holanda

    A Life Forged in Paint: The World of Lovis Corinth

    Lovis Corinth, nascido Franz Heinrich Louis em 21 de julho de 1858, na província prussiana do leste, foi uma figura que personificou a tumultuada transição do século XIX para o início do século XX no mundo da arte. Sua jornada não foi um reconhecimento imediato, mas sim uma evolução gradual impulsionada por estudo incansável, influências diversas e, em última análise, por uma tragédia pessoal. Os primeiros anos de Corinth estavam enraizados nos paisagens rurais de seu berço, Tapiau, onde seu pai trabalhava como alfaiate. Essa exposição precoce à fisicalidade do trabalho e à beleza bruta da natureza permeou sutilmente seu trabalho posterior, mesmo em meio a explorações estilísticas mais sofisticadas. Inicialmente, ele buscou estudos na Academia de Königsberg em 1876, mas logo percebeu que a tradição acadêmica sozinha não satisfaria suas ambições artísticas. Um período de viagens seguiu, levando-o a Munique, Antuérpia e finalmente Paris – cada cidade servindo como um passo crucial em seu desenvolvimento. Em Munique, ele absorveu o realismo meticuloso defendido por Ludwig von Löfftz, aperfeiçoando suas habilidades observacionais e dominando a técnica. Antuérpia apresentou-o à intensidade dramática do Barroco de Rubens, enquanto Paris expôs-o ao crescente movimento impressionista, embora sua resposta inicial tenha sido uma observação cautelosa em vez de um abraço imediato.

    From Naturalism to a Synthesis of Styles

    O desenvolvimento artístico de Corinth não foi marcado por revoluções rápidas, mas sim pela assimilação e síntese gradual de influências diversas. Seu trabalho inicial incluiu fortemente o naturalismo, refletindo os padrões acadêmicos predominantes da época. Pinturas como “Na Abatedouro” (1878), com sua representação sem compromisso de cadáveres de animais, demonstram esse compromisso com a representação realista, mas mesmo aqui, uma intensidade emocional nascente começa a surgir. O próprio assunto – grotesco e visceral – sugere uma disposição para enfrentar verdades desconfortáveis, uma característica que Corinth se destacou por sua capacidade única de capturar a essência de seus modelos, indo além da mera representação física. Ele não apenas reproduzia a aparência externa; ele buscava revelar a alma interior, as emoções e os pensamentos de seus sujeitos. Essa habilidade o tornou um mestre em retratos psicológicos, capazes de transmitir uma profunda compreensão do caráter humano através de gestos sutis, olhares expressivos e composições cuidadosamente consideradas.

    A influência dos mestres antigos, particularmente Rubens, instilou nele um amor pela composição dinâmica e pelo traço expressivo. No entanto, sua exposição ao Impressionismo – inicialmente visto com ceticismo – provou ser transformador. Ele não simplesmente adotou os efeitos de luz quebrados e fugazes de Monet ou Renoir; em vez disso, integrou esses elementos à sua própria visão única, criando um estilo que combinava a vitalidade impressionista com uma sensibilidade distintamente alemã. Essa síntese o posicionaria como uma ponte entre o Impressionismo e o Expressionismo, duas correntes que definiram o cenário artístico do início do século XX.

    A Master of Portraiture and Landscape

    Embora Corinth explorasse vários gêneros ao longo de sua carreira – incluindo cenas bíblicas e temas mitológicos – ele é talvez mais lembrado por seus retratos e paisagens. Seu retrato não era apenas uma representação da aparência física; era um esforço para penetrar nas profundezas psicológicas de seus modelos, revelando suas vidas interiores através de gestos sutis, olhares expressivos e composições cuidadosamente consideradas. Ele possuía uma notável capacidade de transmitir caráter e emoção com economia surpreendente de meios. Da mesma forma, seus paisagens não eram simplesmente representações de vistas cênicas, mas sim respostas emocionais à natureza. A região de Walchensee nos Alpes Bávaros tornou-se uma fonte particular de inspiração para ele, fornecendo-lhe um tesouro de motivos que explorou repetidamente ao longo de sua vida posterior. Essas pinturas são caracterizadas por suas cores vibrantes, traços dinâmicos e um senso de energia bruta que reflete o próprio engajamento apaixonado de Corinth com o mundo natural. Ele não estava interessado em representações idílicas; em vez disso, ele buscava capturar o poder selvagem e o drama inerente da paisagem.

    Tragedy, Resilience and Lasting Legacy

    Um momento crucial na vida de Corinth – e, em certa medida, no desenvolvimento artístico dele – foi um derrame cerebral que sofreu em dezembro de 1911. A paralisia que causou em seu lado esquerdo ameaçou o fim de sua carreira. No entanto, com determinação inabalável e o apoio de sua esposa, Charlotte Berend-Corinth, ele relembrou a pintura, adaptando-se às suas limitações físicas e desenvolvendo um estilo ainda mais expressivo. Este período marcou um ponto de virada em seu trabalho, à medida que suas pinturas se tornaram cada vez mais ousadas, gestuais e carregadas de emoção. A experiência de confrontar a mortalidade e a adversidade física infundiu sua arte com uma nova sensação de urgência e autenticidade. Ele abraçou um traço solto e uma paleta de cores intensificada, antecipando muitas das inovações estilísticas que definiriam o Expressionismo. Corinth foi um líder influente na cena artística alemã, desempenhando um papel fundamental na promoção da inovação e no desafiar as convenções tradicionais. Sua influência se estendeu além de sua própria pintura; ele também era um respeitado professor e escritor sobre arte, publicando ensaios como “Sobre Aprender a Pintar” em 1908, oferecendo insights em sua filosofia artística e abordagem técnica. Ele serviu como presidente da Secessão de Berlim de 1915 até sua morte em 1925, defendendo ideias artísticas progressistas e fomentando uma comunidade criativa vibrante. O legado de Lovis Corinth reside não apenas em sua notável obra, mas também em seu compromisso inabalável com a integridade artística e em sua capacidade de transformar a tragédia pessoal em expressão artística profunda. Ele permanece uma figura fundamental na história da arte alemã, um mestre que conectou duas eras e deixou uma marca indelével nas gerações de artistas que o seguiram.

    Museu

    Museu Folkwang

    Em exibição em Essen, Alemanha

    A Legacy Forged in Vision: Exploring the Soul of Museum Folkwang

    Nestled within the industrial heart of Essen, Germany, Museum Folkwang stands as more than just a repository for art; it’s a testament to a profound and enduring vision—a narrative woven from the passionate pursuits of private collectors, the turbulent currents of history, and an unwavering commitment to championing the evolution of modern expression. Born from the harmonious union of two distinct yet complementary legacies – the Essener Kunstmuseum established in 1906 and Karl Ernst Osthaus’s pioneering Folkwang Museum dating back to 1902 – this institution swiftly ascended to become a beacon for avant-garde thought, lauded even during its nascent years as an unparalleled space dedicated to artistic exploration. Paul J. Sachs's declaration in 1932, proclaiming it “the most beautiful museum in the world,” resonated with a profound truth: Museum Folkwang embodies a unique confluence of aesthetic ambition and intellectual rigor—a spirit that continues to define its identity today. The very name "Folkwang," evocative of Norse mythology’s meadow of the dead presided over by Freyja, hints at the museum's deep engagement with themes of life, loss, and remembrance, imbuing every exhibit with a poignant resonance. It is a place where art doesn’t merely adorn walls but actively engages with the human experience, prompting reflection and inspiring dialogue across generations.

    The story of Museum Folkwang is inextricably linked to its founder, Karl Ernst Osthaus, whose radical vision shaped the institution’s very foundation. Established in 1902, Folkwang was conceived as more than simply a repository for art; it was envisioned as a dynamic forum—a space designed to foster dialogue between art and society, a remarkably progressive notion at the time that continues to inform its programming. Osthaus believed passionately in the transformative power of art, advocating for its role not merely as decoration but as a catalyst for social change and intellectual growth. This commitment is immediately apparent in the museum’s early collections, which enthusiastically embraced Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, attracting artists like Cézanne and Matisse to Essen and firmly establishing the city as a crucial center for artistic innovation during that era. The embrace of German Expressionism—featuring works by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Nolde, and Oskar Kokoschka—further solidified Museum Folkwang’s reputation as a champion of raw emotion and visceral experience, offering a powerful confrontation with the anxieties and uncertainties of the modern world. The museum's collection of early 20th-century German art is particularly renowned for its intensity and emotional depth, showcasing a generation grappling with rapid social and political change – a period captured with breathtaking honesty and urgency within these walls.

    Delving into the museum’s holdings reveals a remarkable depth, particularly in its engagement with Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Here, masterpieces by Cézanne and Matisse aren't presented as isolated triumphs but rather as pivotal moments within a broader artistic dialogue—a conversation about light, color, and the subjective experience of reality. The meticulous observation and geometric simplification characteristic of Cézanne’s landscapes and still lifes – exemplified in works like “Mont Sainte-Victoire” – are particularly captivating, while Matisse’s bold use of color, capturing the essence of Mediterranean light, transforms everyday subjects into canvases brimming with vitality. Beyond these foundational movements, Museum Folkwang distinguishes itself through its profound engagement with German Expressionism, showcasing a collection that pulsates with an intensity born from societal anxieties and personal introspection. The museum doesn't shy away from the darker currents of human experience, offering a poignant reflection on the complexities of the modern world—a testament to Osthaus’s original vision. Furthermore, the museum’s extensive archive of over 340,000 German posters spanning from the Weimar Republic to the Cold War provides an invaluable visual chronicle of political discourse, economic shifts, and evolving cultural sensibilities, demonstrating art's capacity as both a mirror and a shaper of society. The collection is not simply a display of artworks; it’s a carefully curated narrative of a century marked by profound transformation.

    The physical structure of Museum Folkwang itself is a reflection of its dynamic history and forward-looking spirit. The original building, constructed in 1902, has been thoughtfully expanded upon, most notably through the significant 2010 extension designed by David Chipperfield. This wasn’t merely an addition of space; it was a carefully considered dialogue between historical preservation and contemporary design—a masterful blend of concrete and glass that respects the museum's heritage while maximizing natural light and creating dynamic exhibition spaces. Chipperfield’s intervention seamlessly integrates with the existing architecture, resulting in a harmonious blend of old and new. The translucent, alabaster-like façade, constructed from recycled glass slabs, shifts with the changing natural light, creating an ethereal quality that invites exploration. Inside, generous open spaces and carefully considered lighting enhance the appreciation of each artwork, fostering a sense of intimacy and contemplation. The building’s architecture isn't simply functional; it actively contributes to the visitor experience, emphasizing openness and allowing for a deeper engagement with the masterpieces on display. The 2010 extension is particularly noteworthy for its innovative use of light and space, creating a stunning contrast with the original historic building. It stands as a powerful symbol of the museum’s commitment to both honoring its past and embracing the future of art.

    However, Museum Folkwang’s history is inextricably linked to a painful chapter in German history: the rise of Nazism. The suppression of artistic freedom led to the forced removal of over 1,200 artworks deemed “degenerate,” a devastating loss that profoundly impacted the museum's collection and its reputation. Despite these heartbreaking losses, Museum Folkwang persevered, rebuilding its collection through tireless efforts at recovery after World War II and reaffirming its commitment to artistic integrity. The resilience demonstrated during this dark era stands as a powerful symbol of the dedication of those who believed in the enduring power of art to transcend political ideologies and inspire future generations. The museum’s embrace of “degenerate art” – exemplified by the controversial 1937 exhibition organized by Joseph Goebbels—serves as a poignant reminder of the dangers of censorship and the importance of safeguarding cultural heritage. Today, Museum Folkwang remains not only a repository for masterpieces but also a powerful memorial to the artists whose voices were silenced during one of history’s most turbulent periods.

    Highlights & Collections

    The museum's collection is a vibrant tapestry woven from diverse artistic threads, offering visitors a journey through the evolution of modern art. Key highlights include:

    *Impressionism and Post-Impressionism:* A stunning array of works by Monet, Renoir, Cézanne, and Matisse – showcasing their revolutionary approaches to light, color, and form.

    *German Expressionism:* Powerful paintings and prints by Kirchner, Nolde, Kokoschka, and others, capturing the anxieties and emotional intensity of the early 20th century.

    *Early 20th-Century German Art:* A significant collection documenting the artistic ferment of the Weimar Republic, featuring works by Dix, Grosz, and Schad.

    *Photography Archive:* An extensive archive containing over 50,000 photographs, offering a unique perspective on the history of photography and visual culture.

    *German Posters (Deutsche Plakat Museum):* A remarkable collection of over 340,000 posters from the Weimar Republic to the Cold War, providing a fascinating insight into political discourse and social trends.

    Architecture & Design

    The museum’s architecture is as compelling as its art. The original building, constructed in 1902, has been thoughtfully preserved and expanded upon with the striking 2010 extension by David Chipperfield Architects. This modern addition seamlessly blends with the historic structure, creating a dynamic space that maximizes natural light and offers visitors an immersive experience. The use of recycled glass in the façade is particularly noteworthy, reflecting the museum’s commitment to sustainability and innovation.

    Notable Exhibitions & Events

    Throughout its history, Museum Folkwang has hosted numerous landmark exhibitions that have shaped the discourse around modern and contemporary art. Some notable examples include:

    *1937 “Degenerate Art” Exhibition:* A controversial exhibition showcasing works deemed “degenerate” by the Nazi regime, offering a poignant reminder of the dangers of censorship.

    *Retrospectives featuring William Kentridge:* The museum has presented acclaimed retrospectives featuring the work of South African artist William Kentridge, exploring his intricate animated drawings and themes of power, memory, and social justice.

    *Otto Steinert Photography Exhibition:* Celebrating the pioneering work of German photographer Otto Steinert, known for his innovative use of Luminogram techniques.

    A Hub for Cultural Engagement

    Beyond its artistic holdings, Museum Folkwang functions as a vibrant cultural hub, fostering dialogue and understanding within the community. The museum’s founding by Karl Ernst Osthaus established a precedent for engagement that continues to resonate today—a holistic approach to art encompassing painting, sculpture, photography, graphic arts, and posters. This comprehensive collection provides visitors with a uniquely panoramic view of 19th and 20th-century artistic

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    Disponível online

    QR code que direciona para a página de download de Susanna and the Elders, Second Version

    artsdot.com/pt/art/download/lovis-corinth-susanna-and-the-elders-second-version-8LJAAV-en/

    Como citar esta obra

    MLA
    Corinth, Lovis. Susanna and the Elders, Second Version. 1890, Museu Folkwang. https://artsdot.com/pt/art/lovis-corinth-susanna-and-the-elders-second-version-8LJAAV-en/
    APA
    Corinth, Lovis (1890). Susanna and the Elders, Second Version [Painting]. Museu Folkwang. https://artsdot.com/pt/art/lovis-corinth-susanna-and-the-elders-second-version-8LJAAV-en/
    Chicago
    Lovis Corinth. Susanna and the Elders, Second Version. 1890. Museu Folkwang. https://artsdot.com/pt/art/lovis-corinth-susanna-and-the-elders-second-version-8LJAAV-en/
    Harvard
    Corinth, Lovis (1890) Susanna and the Elders, Second Version. Museu Folkwang. Available at: https://artsdot.com/pt/art/lovis-corinth-susanna-and-the-elders-second-version-8LJAAV-en/

    Observe de perto

    Susanna and the Elders, Second Version — Lovis Corinth

    Olhar de perto

    Responda com suas próprias palavras. Não existem respostas erradas aqui — apenas respostas que você possa explicar.

    1. O que chama a sua atenção primeiro e por quê?
    2. Quais cores ou formas criam a atmosfera — e que atmosfera é essa?
    3. O nosso catálogo classifica esta obra sob: susanna, elders, nudity. Concorda? O que acrescentaria ou removeria?
    4. Relembre Na Casa de Abate (1893), apresentado anteriormente neste guia. Identifique dois elementos que esta obra compartilha com a anterior e um que seja diferente.
    5. Expressionism: Colour and shape deliberately distorted so the picture shows an emotion rather than a likeness. Onde você pode observar isso nesta obra?

    Sua resposta

    Escreva um pequeno parágrafo sobre esta obra de arte. Utilize as informações das etapas anteriores deste guia e as suas respostas acima.

    Quiz de arte

    Susanna and the Elders, Second Version — Lovis Corinth

    O quanto você conhece esta obra de arte?

    Selecione uma resposta para cada uma das 5 perguntas abaixo. Cada uma possui exatamente uma resposta correta.

    1. 1. What is the title of Lovis Corinth’s painting?

      • A The Bathing Woman
      • B Susanna and the Elders, Second Version
      • C Nude by the River
    2. 2. In what year was ‘Susanna and the Elders, Second Version’ created?

      • A 1880
      • B 1890
      • C 1900
    3. 3. Where is ‘Susanna and the Elders, Second Version’ currently displayed?

      • A The Louvre Museum, Paris
      • B The Museum Folkwang, Essen
      • C The National Gallery, London
    4. 4. According to the description, what is a notable aspect of Corinth’s depiction of Susanna?

      • A She is depicted in an idealized classical style.
      • B She is portrayed as a passive and vulnerable figure.
      • C The artist himself served as a model for one of the observers.
    5. 5. What medium was used to create ‘Susanna and the Elders, Second Version’?

      • A Watercolor
      • B Oil on canvas
      • C Pastel

    Minha pontuação: ____ de 5

    Gabarito — para o professor

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