Papir

Veiledning for studentkunst

No. 21

Navn Klasse Dato

Mark Rothko, No. 21 (1949), MoMA - Museum of Modern Art. Gjengitt i illustrasjonsøyemed; alle rettigheter forbeholdt rettighetshaver.

Fakta om verket

Kunstner
Mark Rothko artsdot.com/no/artists/mark-rothko_no/
Kunstnerens datoer
1903 – 1970
Malt
1949
Medium
Oil On Canvas
Opprinnelig størrelse
203 x 100 cm
Bevegelse
Color Field Painting Huge areas of flat, soft colour meant to be felt rather than read as a picture of anything.
Periode
Modern
Utstilles ved
MoMA - Museum of Modern Art artsdot.com/no/museums/moma-museum-of-modern-art-new-york-city_no/
Artistic style
Abstract Expressionism
Influences
Surrealism
Notable elements or techniques
Soft-focus squares
Subject or theme
Emotional Depth

I sammenheng

No. 21 — Mark Rothko

Hvor stor er den?

Originalen måler 203 × 100 cm (høyde × bredde), vist her ved siden av en voksen person med gjennomsnittlig høyde. Den er for stor til å vises i riktig skala på denne siden.

Når ble dette malt?

  1. 1900
  2. 1910
  3. 1920
  4. 1930
  5. 1940
  6. 1950
  7. 1960
  8. 1970

Skyggelagt: livsløpet til Mark Rothko (1903–1970) ▲ dette verket, 1949

Sammenlign med

Velg ett av verkene ovenfor: nevn to ting det har til felles med dette, og én ting som er annerledes.

Flere verk som kan stå ved siden av dette: artsdot.com/no/art/similar/mark-rothko-no-21-D2DNGZ-en/

Farger

Målt ut fra bildet

    Hovedfarge

    Brown #983224

    Katalogisert palett

    • #983224
    • #8D675B
    • #C8BBAA
    • #4C3831
    Palett
    Dark Den dominerende fargefamilien i bildet.
    Hovedfargenavn
    Brown
    Intensitet
    Vivid Hvor mettede og varierte fargene er, fra en enkelt dempet nyanse til mange klare toner.
    Kontrast
    Serene Hvor mye fargene varierer i lyshet og metning over hele bildet.
    Harmoni
    Unified Palette Hvor godt fargene fungerer sammen, fra kontrastfylt til fullstendig harmonisk.
    Lysstyrke
    Shadow Hvor lyst eller mørkt bildet fremstår totalt sett, fra dype skygger til lyse høylys.
    Metning
    Clear Color Presence Hvor rene og sterke fargene er, fra nesten grått til helt livlige.

    Om dette kunstverket

    No. 21 — Mark Rothko

    A Window into Existential Depth: Examining Mark Rothko’s No. 21

    The painting “No. 21,” created in 1949 by Mark Rothko, stands as a cornerstone of Color Field abstraction and embodies the profound anxieties that fueled his artistic vision. More than just pigment on canvas, it represents a deliberate confrontation with fundamental questions about human existence—a legacy born from formative experiences rooted in Eastern European Jewish heritage and shaped by significant life transitions. This meticulously crafted piece invites contemplation and offers a glimpse into Rothko’s deeply personal exploration of grief, displacement, and the yearning for solace amidst uncertainty.

    Subject Matter: At first glance, “No. 21” presents deceptively simple rectangular blocks of color—deep crimson overlaid with muted indigo—creating an ethereal expanse that dominates the composition. The absence of recognizable imagery forces viewers to engage directly with emotion and intuition rather than relying on visual cues for interpretation.

    Style & Technique: Rothko’s method was revolutionary in its rejection of traditional representational art. He achieved his signature effect through a layering process known as “wet-on-wet,” applying thin washes of pigment onto previously applied layers, allowing them to bleed and merge subtly over time. This technique contributes to the painting's hazy luminescence and imbues it with an almost meditative quality.

    Historical Context: The Birth of Color Field Painting

    No. 21” emerged during a period of intense artistic experimentation following World War II, coinciding with the rise of Color Field painting—a movement spearheaded by artists like Rothko and Barnett Newman. This stylistic shift responded to the disillusionment of postwar Europe and sought to express profound emotional states through pure color rather than narrative or figurative depiction. The influence of Zen Buddhism and Eastern philosophy is palpable in Rothko’s approach, reflecting his desire to transcend rational thought and access a realm of primal feeling. As noted in “Table No. 21,” the film's title itself underscores the importance of constitutional rights—a parallel to Rothko’s artistic pursuit of universal human values.

    Symbolism: The colors themselves are laden with symbolic significance. Crimson represents passion, vitality, and perhaps even primal instinct, while indigo embodies introspection, melancholy, and spiritual contemplation. Together, they create a harmonious tension that mirrors the complexities of human experience.

    Emotional Impact: Critics have consistently described “No. 21” as emotionally arresting—capable of eliciting feelings of awe, sorrow, and transcendence. Rothko aimed to bypass intellectual analysis altogether, trusting in the viewer’s subconscious mind to respond directly to the painting's visual presence.

    A Legacy of Quiet Intensity

    No. 21” continues to resonate with audiences today due to its enduring ability to provoke contemplation and evoke visceral emotion. Its understated elegance—characterized by a masterful blend of color, texture, and compositional simplicity—solidifies Rothko’s position as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. Reproductions of this iconic artwork offer an opportunity to experience firsthand the profound beauty and contemplative power of Color Field painting, transporting viewers into a realm where visual sensation transcends verbal description. Explore “No. 21” by Mark Rothko at The Metropolitan Museum of Art for an unforgettable artistic encounter.

    Kunstner og museum

    Kunstner

    Mark Rothko

    Født i Dvinsk, Latvia

    Early Life and the Seeds of Artistic Vision

    Mark Rothko, born Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz in Dvinsk, Latvia, in 1903, carried within him from the outset a sense of displacement that would profoundly shape his artistic journey. His early years were marked by the anxieties of a Jewish family living within the Pale of Settlement, shadowed by pogroms and political unrest. This atmosphere instilled a deep sensitivity to human suffering, a theme that would resonate throughout his oeuvre. The 1913 immigration to Portland, Oregon, represented not just a geographical shift but a cultural upheaval for the young Rothko. While his father, a pharmacist and intellectual with socialist leanings, fostered a home filled with debate and learning, the loss of Jacob Rothkowitz shortly after their arrival cast a long shadow. This early experience of loss, coupled with the challenges of assimilation, fueled a lifelong exploration of existential themes – mortality, trauma, and the search for meaning in a chaotic world. Though he excelled academically at Yale University, Rothko found himself drawn more to the vibrant energy of New York City, abandoning formal studies to pursue his passion for art at the Art Students League. These formative years laid the groundwork for an artistic vision that would ultimately challenge conventional notions of painting and redefine the emotional power of color.

    From Figurative Beginnings to Abstract Expressionism

    Rothko’s initial artistic explorations were firmly rooted in realism, depicting urban scenes and portraits with a keen eye for detail. However, these early works already hinted at the psychological depth that would become his hallmark. As the 1940s unfolded, and the world grappled with the horrors of World War II, Rothko’s art underwent a dramatic transformation. Influenced by Surrealism and mythology, he began to move away from representational imagery, seeking instead to express universal human emotions through symbolic forms. This period saw the emergence of multi-form paintings – canvases populated by ambiguous, biomorphic shapes that seemed to hover between figuration and abstraction. These works were not merely experiments in form; they were deeply felt responses to the anxieties and uncertainties of a world at war. By the late 1940s, Rothko had arrived at his signature style: large-scale canvases featuring rectangular blocks of color that appeared to float and resonate with one another. He stripped away all vestiges of recognizable imagery, focusing instead on the pure emotional impact of color and form. This marked a pivotal moment in the development of Abstract Expressionism, and established Rothko as a leading figure in this groundbreaking movement.

    The Color Field and the Pursuit of Transcendence

    Rothko’s mature work is defined by what came to be known as “Color Field” painting – vast expanses of luminous color that envelop the viewer in an immersive experience. These paintings are not about what they depict, but rather how they make you feel. Rothko believed that art should engage the viewer viscerally, bypassing intellectual analysis and speaking directly to the emotions. He meticulously layered thin washes of paint, creating subtle variations in tone and texture that seemed to emanate from within the canvas. The edges of his rectangular forms are often blurred, allowing them to blend and interact with one another, creating a sense of depth and movement. Rothko deliberately avoided titles beyond numbers – “No. 1,” “No. 6” – encouraging viewers to confront the paintings without preconceived notions and allow their own emotional responses to guide their experience. He sought to create a space for contemplation, a sanctuary where viewers could connect with something larger than themselves. His ambition was nothing less than to evoke profound spiritual experiences through the language of color.

    Major Achievements and Lasting Legacy

    Among Rothko’s most significant achievements are “No. 10 (1950),” a pivotal work that exemplifies his evolving style, and the Seagram Murals (1958). Commissioned for the Four Seasons Restaurant in New York City, these murals were ultimately rejected by Rothko, who felt they would be compromised by their intended environment. He instead donated them to the Tate Gallery in London, where they continue to inspire awe and contemplation. Perhaps his most ambitious project was the Rothko Chapel (1971) in Houston, Texas – a non-denominational sanctuary housing fourteen of his paintings. Designed as a space for quiet reflection, the chapel is considered a sacred place by many, embodying Rothko’s belief in the spiritual power of art. Rothko's influence on subsequent generations of artists has been immense. He paved the way for Minimalist art and continues to inspire contemporary painters who explore the emotional possibilities of abstraction. Despite struggling with depression throughout his life, culminating in his tragic suicide in 1970, Mark Rothko remains one of the most important and influential artists of the 20th century – a master of color whose work continues to resonate with audiences around the world.

    ## The Enduring Power of Emotional Resonance

    Rothko’s paintings are celebrated for their ability to convey universal human emotions—tragedy, ecstasy, despair, and hope.

    His exploration of color as a vehicle for emotional expression revolutionized abstract painting.

    The Rothko Chapel stands as a testament to his belief in the spiritual power of art.

    He remains a pivotal figure in Abstract Expressionism and a major influence on contemporary artists.

    Museum

    MoMA - Museum of Modern Art

    Utstilt i New York City, United States of America

    Et møte med moderniteten: Sjelens speil i MoMA

    Midt i New Yorks pulserende hjerte, på Manhattan, reiser Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) seg som et fyrtårn for innovasjon og menneskelig uttrykk. Mer enn bare en samling kunstverk, er det et levende vitnesbyrd om den konstante søken etter nytenkning og de dristige ideene som har formet vår tid. Etablert i 1929 av visjonære filantroper, oppsto MoMA fra depresjonens skygger – ikke bare som en institusjon, men som et uttrykk for troen på kunstens kraft til å inspirere og utfordre.

    Fra beskjedne begynnelser i Heckscher Building har museet vokst til et arkitektonisk mesterverk, et globalt landemerke som inviterer besøkende på en reise gjennom over et århundre av kunstnerisk utvikling. Her møtes banebrytende bevegelser og individuelle genier i en fortelling om kontinuerlig forandring. Man kan vandre blant ikoniske verk som Vincent van Goghs Stjernenatt, hvor turbulente penselstrøk og virvlende himmel fanger kunstnerens indre uro, eller stå ærbødig foran Pablo Picassos Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, et revolusjonerende bilde som knuste konvensjonene og la grunnlaget for kubismen. Andy Warhols silkeskrin av suppeboller fanger essensen av etterkrigstidens Amerika, hvor hverdagslige objekter hevet til kunstens nivå ble symboler på konsumsamfunnet.

    Men MoMA er mer enn bare disse monumentale figurene. Det er et vidt spekter av uttrykk – fra Monets delikate penselstrøk i Water Lilies, som inviterer til stille kontemplasjon, til Kandinskys abstrakte utforsninger som banet vei for ikke-representativ kunst. Alfred Stieglitz’ banebrytende fotografier dokumenterer fotografiets fødsel, mens arkitekturdesignene har formet vår verden. Hver utstilling er et nytt kapittel i denne fortellingen, og avslører de mangfoldige stemmene og perspektivene som har definert moderne kunst.

    Arkitekturens dans med kunsten

    Transformasjonen av MoMA i 2004, ledet av den japanske arkitekten Yoshio Taniguchi, var mer enn bare en renovering; det var en gjenoppliving av museets sjel. Taniguchis design prioriterte naturlig lys, og skapte en atmosfære av lysende ro som forsterker kunstens virkning. Atriumet, badet i sollys gjennom store vinduer, fungerer som et sentralt møtested – et rom for stille kontemplasjon og dypere engasjement med kunsten. Denne bevisste arkitektoniske beslutningen gjenspeiler MoMAs forpliktelse til å skape en helhetlig opplevelse, hvor miljøet selv bidrar til vår forståelse og verdsettelse av kunstnerisk uttrykk.

    Museets historie er også vevd inn i dets arkitektur. De originale fasadene fra 1939 er bevart med respekt, mens Taniguchis tilføyelser sømløst integreres, skaper en harmonisk helhet. Den nøye vurderte bruken av lys, rom og flyt skaper et fordybende miljø hvor besøkende kan miste seg i kunstens verden. Det er ikke bare et museum; det er en dialog mellom arkitektur og kunst, en symfoni av former og farger som beriker opplevelsen.

    Landemerket utstillinger og kunsthistoriske narrativer

    MoMAs arv strekker seg langt utover den permanente samlingen. Museet har vært en katalysator for banebrytende utstillinger som har omformet offentlig forståelse og redefinert kunsthistoriske narrativer. Alfred H. Barr Jr.’s “Cubism and Abstract Art” (1936) var et vendepunkt, og introduserte publikum for Picasso, Braque, Kandinsky og Mondrian – kunstnere som våget å overskride representasjonens grenser og utforske ukjente territorier. Denne utstillingen var ikke bare en presentasjon; det var en dristig erklæring om at kunsten kunne bevege seg utover ren imitasjon og dykke ned i følelsers og formers rike.

    Senere utstillinger har fortsatt denne tradisjonen, tatt opp samtidens presserende spørsmål med bemerkelsesverdig innsikt og fremmet kritisk dialog om vår verden – fra utforskninger av surrealismen til fremveksten av popkunst og minimalisme. MoMAs kuratoriske team har konsekvent demonstrert en vilje til å utfordre etablerte sannheter og presentere nye perspektiver på kunsthistorien.

    Et museum for vår tid

    I dag er MoMA dypt engasjert i presserende sosiale spørsmål gjennom utstillinger som tar opp klimaendringer, identitet og rettferdighet. Det fremmer kunstnerisk innovasjon og fremmer dialog globalt, og anerkjenner den vitale rollen kunsten spiller i å forme en mer rettferdig og bærekraftig fremtid. Museets forpliktelse til inkludering er tydelig ikke bare i samlingen, men også i programmeringen, som aktivt søker å løfte mangfoldige stemmer og perspektiver. MoMA omfavner et ansvar for å engasjere seg med vår tids kompleksiteter, og bruker kunsten som et verktøy for kritisk refleksjon og sosial endring.

    Les mer her

    Finn denne på nett

    QR-kode som lenker til nedlastingssiden for No. 21

    artsdot.com/no/art/download/mark-rothko-no-21-D2DNGZ-en/

    Kildehenvisning for dette kunstverket

    MLA
    Rothko, Mark. No. 21. 1949, MoMA - Museum of Modern Art. https://artsdot.com/no/art/mark-rothko-no-21-D2DNGZ-en/
    APA
    Rothko, Mark (1949). No. 21 [Painting]. MoMA - Museum of Modern Art. https://artsdot.com/no/art/mark-rothko-no-21-D2DNGZ-en/
    Chicago
    Mark Rothko. No. 21. 1949. MoMA - Museum of Modern Art. https://artsdot.com/no/art/mark-rothko-no-21-D2DNGZ-en/
    Harvard
    Rothko, Mark (1949) No. 21. MoMA - Museum of Modern Art. Available at: https://artsdot.com/no/art/mark-rothko-no-21-D2DNGZ-en/

    Se nøye etter

    No. 21 — Mark Rothko

    Se nærmere etter

    Svar med egne ord. Det finnes ingen feil svar her – bare svar du kan forklare.

    1. Hva fanger blikket ditt først, og hvorfor?
    2. Hvilke farger eller former skaper stemningen – og hva er den stemningen?
    3. Vår katalog klassifiserer dette verket under: abstraction, color theory, emotion. Er du enig? Hva ville du lagt til, eller fjernet?
    4. Se tilbake på Hvit Senter (1950), tidligere i denne guiden. Nevn to ting den har til felles med dette verket, og én ting som er annerledes.
    5. Color Field Painting: Huge areas of flat, soft colour meant to be felt rather than read as a picture of anything. Hvor kan du se dette i dette verket?

    Ditt svar

    Skriv et kort avsnitt om dette kunstverket. Bruk fakta fra de tidligere delene av denne guiden og svarene dine ovenfor.

    Kunstquiz

    No. 21 — Mark Rothko

    Hvor godt kjenner du dette kunstverket?

    Marker ett svar for hvert av de 5 spørsmålene nedenfor. Hvert spørsmål har nøyaktig ett riktig svar.

    1. 1. What artistic movement is Mark Rothko primarily associated with?

      • A Cubism
      • B Surrealism
      • C Color Field Painting
    2. 2. In what year was 'No. 21' created?

      • A 1920
      • B 1949
      • C 1965
    3. 3. What is the dominant color palette employed in this painting?

      • A Yellow and Green
      • B Red and Yellow
      • C Red and Blue
    4. 4. The image shows the artwork displayed in a museum. What does this framing contribute to our understanding of the piece?

      • A It obscures details of the painting.
      • B It enhances its visual impact and depth.
      • C It minimizes the importance of the artist's name.
    5. 5. Rothko’s early life experiences influenced his artistic vision. What was a significant factor shaping his formative years?

      • A His fascination with classical sculpture.
      • B The prevalence of Impressionist landscapes.
      • C The anxieties surrounding Jewish identity and antisemitism.

    Min poengsum: ____ av 5

    Fasit — til læreren

    Dette starter en ny utskrevet side, slik at den enkelt kan utelates fra kopiene.

    1C · 2B · 3C · 4B · 5C