The Scholar of the Shanghai School To understand the weight of modern Chinese painting, one must look at the structural foundations laid by Zheng Wuchang. He was not merely a practitioner of ink and color; he was an architect of art history. While many of his contemporaries focused solely on the brush, Zheng utilized the pen to codify the very traditions he practiced. His 1929 treatise, Zhongguo Huaxue quanshi (A Complete History of C…