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Student Artwork Guide

Self-Portrait

Name Class Date

Simon Bening, Self-Portrait (1558), Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Simon Bening artsdot.com/en/artists/simon-bening/
Artist’s dates
1483 – 1561
Painted
1558
Original size
9 x 6 cm
Movement
Northern Renaissance Northern European painters using the new oil paint for astonishing detail — every hair, every reflection.
Held at
Metropolitan Museum of Art artsdot.com/en/museums/metropolitan-museum-of-art-new-york/
Artistic style
Miniature Portraiture
Influences
Brueghel, Van Eyck
Notable elements
Illusionistic frame
Subject or theme
Self-Portraiture

In context

Self-Portrait — Simon Bening

How big is it?

The original measures 9 × 6 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1480
  2. 1490
  3. 1500
  4. 1510
  5. 1520
  6. 1530
  7. 1540
  8. 1550
  9. 1560

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 78 at death.

Painted when the artist was 75. The artist lived to 78. 10 of the 12 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Simon Bening (1483–1561) ▲ this work, 1558 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1530 Main working years: 1530–1535 Late works: from 1535

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: artsdot.com/en/art/similar/simon-bening-self-portrait-8Y3TBC-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Phthalo Green #302428

    Catalogued palette

    • #302428
    • #A7604F
    • #D0AE99
    • #62403D

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Earthy The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Phthalo Green
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Bold How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Subtle Color How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Simon Bening over the last twelve months — 3 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 60.0%600 visits
    2. 2 Netherlands 30.0%300 visits
    3. 3 United States of America 10.0%100 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 8 most looked-at works by Simon Bening

    1. 1 The Seven Sorrows of the Virgin, 1530 46.2%600 visits
    2. 2 Scenes from the Creation 15.4%200 visits
    3. 3 The Temptation of Christ, 1530 7.7%100 visits
    4. 4 Villagers on Their Way to Church, 1550 7.7%100 visits
    5. 5 Penitent St Jerome, 1515 7.7%100 visits
    6. 6 Henry III, Count of Nassau-Breda and Mencía de Mendoza, 1531 7.7%100 visits
    7. 7 Manuscript Leaf with Adoration of the Holy Name, from a Book of Hours, 1530 7.7%100 visits
    8. — Self-Portrait, 1558 this painting 0.0%0 visits

    Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 21 works by this artist, of which 7 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Self-Portrait — Simon Bening

    A Window Into the Soul: Simon Bening’s Self-Portrait

    The miniature portrait of Simon Bening, created in 1558, is more than just a likeness; it's a meticulously crafted window into the mind and spirit of a master Flemish illuminator. Housed within the Metropolitan Museum of Art, this small panel – measuring a mere 9 x 6 centimeters – belies the profound depth of its artistic statement. Bening, a pivotal figure bridging the late Gothic and early Renaissance traditions, wasn’t merely documenting his appearance; he was presenting an image of intellectual rigor, quiet contemplation, and a deep connection to his craft.

    The painting itself is executed in tempera on a small panel, a technique favored for its luminosity and ability to capture delicate details. The palette is restrained – primarily dark browns, blacks, and golds – lending the portrait an air of solemnity and gravitas. Bening’s face, rendered with remarkable precision, reveals a thoughtful expression, framed by receding hairline and the subtle weight of spectacles perched upon his nose. These glasses aren't simply a detail; they symbolize the artist’s dedication to observation, both of the external world and the intricacies of his work.

    The Language of Detail: Technique and Symbolism

    Bening’s skill lies not just in his ability to mimic reality but in his masterful manipulation of light and shadow. Notice how he employs a subtle chiaroscuro – the dramatic contrast between light and dark – to sculpt the form of his face, creating a sense of three-dimensionality within the confines of the miniature. The texture of his robe is rendered with painstaking detail, suggesting the luxurious fabrics favored by wealthy patrons in the 16th century. The background, featuring a window framed by an elaborate border adorned with Latin inscriptions, adds another layer of meaning.

    These inscriptions – “Simon Bennik, the son of Alexander, painted this himself at the age of 75 in 1558” – are not merely biographical; they underscore Bening’s pride and self-awareness. The phrase "SEIPSV PICVS" (painted by myself) is a bold assertion of artistic agency, highlighting his role as both creator and subject. The diamond pattern within the window, reminiscent of Renaissance architectural motifs, hints at a connection to classical ideals of harmony and proportion.

    A Master’s Legacy: Context and Influence

    Simon Bening's self-portrait is a crucial piece in understanding the evolution of portraiture during the Northern Renaissance. He was part of a vibrant artistic community in Bruges, influenced by masters like Jan van Eyck and Gerard David, yet he forged his own distinctive style. His work reflects the humanist ideals of the era – a focus on individual achievement, intellectual curiosity, and the celebration of human beauty.

    Bening’s legacy extends beyond this single portrait. He was a prolific illuminator, creating elaborate books of hours, genealogical charts, and devotional panels for royalty across Europe. His meticulous attention to detail, his innovative use of perspective, and his ability to imbue inanimate objects with life – as seen in the landscape glimpsed through the window – established him as one of the most important artists of his time. His work served as a bridge between the medieval world of illuminated manuscripts and the emerging tradition of oil painting.

    Bringing Bening’s Vision Home

    Reproductions of Simon Bening's Self-Portrait offer a remarkable opportunity to bring this intimate glimpse into the mind of a Renaissance master into your own home. WahooArt’s hand-painted reproductions capture not only the visual details but also the emotional resonance of the original, allowing you to appreciate the artistry and intellectual depth of this extraordinary work. Consider how the miniature's quiet intensity can serve as a focal point in a study or library – a constant reminder of the enduring power of art to illuminate the human spirit.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Simon Bening

    Born in Ghent, Belgium

    The Master of Miniature Worlds

    In the delicate, luminous realm of Flemish illumination, few names resonate with as much prestige as Simon Bening. Often celebrated as the last great master of the Netherlandish tradition, Bening possessed a singular ability to transform tiny vellum surfaces into expansive, breathing landscapes and profound spiritual meditations. His life was deeply rooted in the rich artistic heritage of the Low Countries; born in either Ghent or Antwerp, he likely began his journey within the family workshop under the guidance of his father, the esteemed illuminator Alexander Bening. This lineage provided him with a foundation of technical excellence that would eventually allow him to lead one of the most flourishing workshops in Bruges.

    As Bening moved through the artistic hubs of Ghent and Bruges, his reputation grew alongside his mastery of the miniature. By 1508, he had officially joined the Guild of Saint John and Saint Luke in Bruges, a testament to his standing among the professional elite. His career was marked by a seamless transition between the late Gothic sensibilities of his predecessors and the burgeoning nuances of the early Renaissance. This period of artistic evolution is perhaps most poignantly captured in his Self-portrait, a work that serves as much more than a mere likeness. In this miniature, Bening presents himself not simply as a craftsman, but as an intellectual, seated before an easel with spectacles in hand—a symbolic nod to the meticulous observation required by his craft and an alignment with Saint Luke, the patron saint of painters.

    A Legacy of Devotion and Detail

    The true magic of Bening’s work lies in his capacity to create "miniature worlds" that invite the viewer into a state of quiet contemplation. His Book of Hours serves as a prime example of this devotional artistry, where each page acts as a prayerful jewel intended to remind the faithful of the omnipresence of the divine. Through an exquisite manipulation of light and shadow, Bening achieved a sense of three-dimensionality that defied the small scale of his medium. His technique allowed for a breathtaking level of detail, from the subtle textures of luxurious fabrics to the atmospheric depth of landscapes that seem to stretch far beyond the borders of the page.

    Beyond his technical prowess, Bening’s historical significance is found in his role as a bridge between eras. While he maintained the rigorous traditions of the Ghent-Bruges school, his work embraced the new humanistic focus on detail and naturalism. His achievements are reflected in the enduring presence of his works in the world's most prestigious collections, where they continue to offer glimpses into the spiritual and aesthetic soul of the sixteenth century. Through his hands, the ephemeral beauty of illumination reached a pinnacle of perfection, leaving behind a legacy of light, color, and profound devotion.

    Museum

    Metropolitan Museum of Art

    On show in new york, United States of America

    A Legacy in Stone and Light

    The Fifth Avenue facade of the Metropolitan Museum of Art beckons visitors into a realm where ancient civilizations resonate alongside modern innovations. The primary building, a magnificent embodiment of Beaux-Arts style completed between 1902 and 1914, exudes an air of classical grandeur. Colossal columns frame the entrance, inviting people into soaring galleries bathed in natural light. This monumental structure was deliberately designed as a homage to European palaces, creating a space that feels both imposing and welcoming. Beyond the main site, The Cloisters offers an intimate serenity in Fort Tryon Park, transporting visitors to medieval Europe through reconstructed chapende and gardens.

    The architecture tells a story of expansion and change. While the current Fifth Avenue location is synonymous with the institution, the museum briefly resided in the Douglas Mansion estate on West 14th Street. The original structure, designed by Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mould, featured a red-brick facade that remains partially visible today within the Robert Lehman Wing. This glimpse of the past provides a connection to an era when the surrounding area was far from the gilded mansions of the Upper East Side.

    Treasures Across Five Millennia

    Within these halls, one feels the weight of centuries. The collection spans 5,000 years of human creativity, housing over two million art objects. Visitors encounter the imposing Assyrian reliefs, depicting scenes of royal power and divine ritual carved into stone. Greek sculptures embody idealized form and proportion, including the Parthenon Marbles. The museum also holds significant works from diverse cultures:

    Chinese ceramics and intricate Japanese screens.

    African, Oceanic, and American art collections.

    The Cesnola Collection, comprising approximately 35,000 Cypriot art objects.

    A blue-glazed lotus-decorated hippopotamus statuette from Egypt, ca. 1961–1878 B.C.

    The transition from realism to modernism is visible in works like Édouard Manet’s

    Boating

    , which captures leisure on the Seine through its use of light and color. The psychological depth of Rembrandt's 1660 self-portrait offers a study in chiaroscuro, using dramatic shadow to reveal introspection. In the modern galleries, the scale of Jackson Pollock’s

    Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)

    commands attention, with its eight-foot-tall canvas and seventeen-foot length displaying a web of drips.

    Modernity and the Living City

    The museum continues to engage with the present through contemporary artists and large-scale events. Pablo Picasso’s portrait of

    Gertrude Stein

    prefigures his evolution into Cubism, capturing the essence of the American expat community in Paris. Vincent Van Gogh’s

    Self-Portrait with a Straw Hat

    remains a focal point, where intense eyes are encircled by controlled brushstrokes. The institution also recognizes contemporary figures such as Wangechi Mutu, whose humanoid sculptures occupy niches on the museum's facade.

    Beyond the permanent galleries, the museum serves as a center for social and cultural gatherings. The annual Met Gala, held on the first Monday in May, brings fashion designers and celebrities to Manhattan for an evening of glamour. On other nights, programs like

    Date Night at the Met

    occur every Friday and Saturday, ensuring the halls remain a vital part of New York life. Through conservation laboratories and digital initiatives, the museum safeguards its vast holdings for future generations.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Self-Portrait

    artsdot.com/en/art/download/simon-bening-self-portrait-8Y3TBC-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Bening, Simon. Self-Portrait. 1558, Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://artsdot.com/en/art/simon-bening-self-portrait-8Y3TBC-en/
    APA
    Bening, Simon (1558). Self-Portrait [Painting]. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://artsdot.com/en/art/simon-bening-self-portrait-8Y3TBC-en/
    Chicago
    Simon Bening. Self-Portrait. 1558. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://artsdot.com/en/art/simon-bening-self-portrait-8Y3TBC-en/
    Harvard
    Bening, Simon (1558) Self-Portrait. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Available at: https://artsdot.com/en/art/simon-bening-self-portrait-8Y3TBC-en/

    Look closely

    Self-Portrait — Simon Bening

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: self-portrait, renaissance, miniature. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Landscape with St Jerome (1515), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Northern Renaissance: Northern European painters using the new oil paint for astonishing detail — every hair, every reflection. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Self-Portrait — Simon Bening

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject depicted in Simon Bening’s ‘Self-Portrait’?

      • A A detailed landscape scene
      • B A portrait of a young woman
      • C Simon Bening himself, an elderly artist at his work
    2. 2. In what year was Simon Bening’s ‘Self-Portrait’ created?

      • A 1528
      • B 1558
      • C 1493
    3. 3. The painting utilizes tempera on a small panel. What does this technique suggest about the artwork’s intended use?

      • A It was designed for large-scale murals.
      • B It was created as a portable devotional object.
      • C It was intended to be displayed in a grand palace hall.
    4. 4. The background of the ‘Self-Portrait’ features a window with a diamond pattern. What does this detail likely represent?

      • A A depiction of Bening's home.
      • B An illusionistic framing device, referencing Renaissance artistic conventions.
      • C A symbolic representation of wealth and status.
    5. 5. Simon Bening was a prominent figure in the guild of illuminators. What role did he primarily hold within this guild?

      • A He served as the guild’s treasurer.
      • B He served as a dean of the calligraphers, booksellers, illuminators and bookbinders
      • C He was responsible for training new apprentices.

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1C · 2B · 3B · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    How does the subject of "Self-Portrait" relate to Simon Bening's usual themes?

    Among Simon Bening's recorded themes - flemish illumination tradition, humanist portraiture, scholarly themes, religious devotion, family legacy, self-reflection, artistic identity, miniature book art mastery - "Self-Portrait" brings its own focus on self-portrait, renaissance, miniature, portrait, flemish, manuscript, illumination, simon bening.

    What is the recommended use of a print of "Self-Portrait"?

    A reproduction of "Self-Portrait" by Simon Bening is recommended for reflective. This suggestion follows from the work's subject, mood and colors.

    What size is "Self-Portrait" by Simon Bening in real life?

    The original "Self-Portrait" by Simon Bening measures 9 x 6 cm.