Paper

Student Artwork Guide

(Difficult)

Name Class Date

Kurt Schwitters, (Difficult) (1943), Buffalo AKG Art Museum. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Kurt Schwitters artsdot.com/en/artists/kurt-schwitters/
Artist’s dates
1887 – 1948
Painted
1943
Original size
80 x 61 cm
Movement
Dada Deliberately absurd art made in disgust at the First World War, mocking the idea that art must be serious.
Held at
Buffalo AKG Art Museum artsdot.com/en/museums/buffalo-akg-art-museum-buffalo/

In context

(Difficult) — Kurt Schwitters

How big is it?

The original measures 80 × 61 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1880
  2. 1890
  3. 1900
  4. 1910
  5. 1920
  6. 1930
  7. 1940

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 61 at death.

Painted when the artist was 56. The artist lived to 61. 22 of the 27 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Kurt Schwitters (1887–1948) ▲ this work, 1943 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1920 Main working years: 1920–1938 Late works: from 1938

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: artsdot.com/en/art/similar/kurt-schwitters-difficult-D37KHP-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Olive #9f601a

    Catalogued palette

    • #9F601A
    • #4E2A0E
    • #CCBE8E
    • #BD9B54

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Dark The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Olive
    Intensity
    Vivid How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Bold How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Bright How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Clear Color Presence How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Kurt Schwitters over the last twelve months — 8 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 30.0%
    2. 2 United States of America 30.0%
    3. 3 Spain 10.0%
    4. 4 Taiwan 10.0%
    5. 5 Brazil 5.0%
    6. 6 Chile 5.0%
    7. 7 Germany 5.0%
    8. 8 France 5.0%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 12 most looked-at works by Kurt Schwitters

    1. 1 Merz Picture 32A (The Cherry Picture), 1921 40.7%
    2. 2 Merz Picture 25A: The Star Picture, 1920 14.8%
    3. 3 N Watercolor 1. (The Heart Goes from Sugar to Coffee), 1919 7.4%
    4. 4 Revolving, 1919 7.4%
    5. 5 Merz Composition, 1922 3.7%
    6. 6 Merzbild Rossfett, 1919 3.7%
    7. 7 Construction for Noble Ladies, 1919 3.7%
    8. 8 (Difficult), 1943 this painting 3.7%
    9. 9 Forms in Space, 1920 3.7%
    10. 10 Mz 231. Miss Blanche, 1923 3.7%
    11. 11 (Elikan), 1925 3.7%
    12. 12 For Kate, 1947 3.7%

    Together these works take 99.9% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 29 works by this artist, of which 12 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 8 of them, with 3.7% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Kurt Schwitters

    Kurt Schwitters: A Life in Merz

    Early Life and Education

    Born: June 20, 1887, in Hanover, Germany.

    Schwitters was the only child of Eduard and Henriette Schwitters. His father co-owned a ladies' clothing shop.

    The family’s financial situation improved after selling the business in 1898, allowing them to live off rental income from properties they acquired.

    He studied art at the Dresden Academy from 1909-1915 alongside artists like Otto Dix and George Grosz, though he seemingly remained unaware of their work at the time.

    Schwitters suffered his first epileptic seizure in 1901, which later exempted him from military service for a period during World War I.

    Artistic Development and the Birth of Merz

    Initially, Schwitters worked in a post-impressionist style. His early work reflected this influence.

    The devastation of World War I profoundly impacted his artistic direction. He felt traditional academic training was irrelevant in the face of societal collapse.

    “In the war, things were in terrible turmoil…everything had broken down and new things had to be made out of the fragments; and this is Merz.”

    Around 1918, he began creating abstract collages using found objects – scraps of paper, tickets, and other discarded materials.

    The term “Merz” itself came from a fragment of text (“Commerz und Privatbank”) cut from an advertisement and incorporated into one of his early works, Das Merzbild (1918-19).

    Key Works and Artistic Styles

    Merz Pictures: These collages are arguably Schwitters’ most famous contribution. They represent a radical departure from traditional art, embracing chance and the aesthetics of everyday life.

    Merzbau: A monumental architectural construction within his home in Hanover, continuously evolving over decades. It was a three-dimensional embodiment of Merz principles – a labyrinthine space filled with niches, grottoes, and found objects.

    Assemblage & Installation Art: Schwitters pioneered these forms, blurring the boundaries between painting, sculpture, and architecture.

    He also worked in poetry, sound, graphic design, and typography, exploring a wide range of artistic media.

    Influences and Connections

    Early influences included post-impressionism, but he quickly moved beyond these conventions.

    He came into contact with members of the Berlin avant-garde – Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Höch, and Hans Arp – through Herwarth Walden’s Der Sturm gallery.

    While associated with Dadaism, Schwitters maintained a distinct artistic identity. He was initially rejected by some Dadaists for his ties to expressionism.

    Later Life and Legacy

    Facing increasing persecution under the Nazi regime due to his “degenerate art,” Schwitters fled Germany in 1937.

    He spent time in Norway and England, continuing to create Merz works despite challenging circumstances. He was briefly interned as an enemy alien during World War II.

    Died: January 8, 1948, in Ambleside, England.

    Kurt Schwitters’ work profoundly influenced subsequent generations of artists, particularly those involved in Pop Art, Minimalism, and Conceptual Art.

    His innovative use of found objects and his exploration of the relationship between art and everyday life continue to resonate with contemporary audiences.

    Historical Significance

    Schwitters’ Merz aesthetic challenged traditional notions of artistic beauty and authorship.

    He expanded the definition of art by incorporating non-art materials and blurring the lines between different disciplines.

    His work remains a powerful testament to the creative potential of fragmentation, reconstruction, and the embrace of chance.

    Museum

    Buffalo AKG Art Museum

    On show in Buffalo, Stati Uniti d'America

    Un Battito Vitale nell'Anima di Buffalo: Il Museo d'Arte AKG

    Il Buffalo AKG Art Museum, un tempo noto come Albright-Knox Art Gallery, è molto più che una semplice collezione di opere; è un viaggio nell’anima dell’arte moderna e contemporanea. Immerso nel cuore di Buffalo, New York, questo museo incarna una passione per la creatività che risale alla sua fondazione nel 1862. La sua storia non è un libro di testo statico, ma un racconto vivido intessuto delle ambizioni visionarie dei suoi fondatori e dell’evoluzione costante del mondo artistico. Fin dai suoi umili inizi, l'istituzione si è dedicata a rendere l'arte accessibile a tutti – una promessa che continua a mantenere offrendo ai visitatori di tutto il mondo un’esperienza immersiva e stimolante. Questa dedizione non si manifesta solo nei capolavori esposti, ma anche nell’architettura stessa del museo, dove ogni edificio rappresenta un’epoca e uno stile distinti.

    Dialoghi Architettonici attraverso il Tempo

    L'esperienza al Buffalo AKG Art Museum inizia con un affascinante dialogo architettonico. Il primo capitolo di questa conversazione fu scritto nel 1905 con l'Albright Art Gallery, progettata da Edward Brodhead Green nello sfarzoso stile Beaux-Arts. Questa imponente struttura, simbolo di eleganza classica, pose le basi per un’istituzione dedicata alla bellezza e alla raffinatezza. Ma solo nel 1962 l'audacia architettonica trovò la sua vera espressione con l'aggiunta del Seymour H. Knox Building, progettato da Gordon Bunshaft. Le sue linee pulite, gli ampi spazi espositivi e l’uso coraggioso dello spazio rivoluzionarono la presentazione dell'arte, offrendo un ambiente ideale per le opere di espressionismo astratto che divennero il marchio distintivo del museo. Oggi, una nuova voce arricchisce il panorama architettonico: il Jeffrey E. Gundlach Building, progettato da Shohei Shigematsu. Questa aggiunta non è solo un’estensione fisica; è una reinvenzione, una fusione armoniosa di arte, architettura e spazio pubblico che invita a una nuova esplorazione sensoriale, sfumando i confini tra interno ed esterno, opera d'arte e ambiente.

    Un Kaleidoscopio di Emozioni: La Collezione

    Nel cuore del Buffalo AKG Art Museum pulsa un’eccezionale collezione, rinomata per la sua profondità e diversità nel campo dell’arte moderna e contemporanea. Sebbene comprenda opere di diverse epoche e movimenti, la collezione si è particolarmente distinta nell'espressionismo astratto. Le iconiche tele di Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Clyfford Still e altri artisti vibrano di energia grezza ed intensità emotiva che catturano lo spettatore. Ma ridurre la collezione a un solo movimento sarebbe sminuirne l’immensa ricchezza. Capolavori di Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Frida Kahlo, Georgia O'Keeffe e molti altri testimoniano un costante impegno per la diversità artistica e prospettive uniche. Il museo non teme di sfidare le convenzioni; le sue installazioni contemporanee superano i confini dell’espressione artistica, stimolando il dialogo e invitando alla riflessione personale. Oltre ai nomi famosi, l'AKG sostiene attivamente gli artisti emergenti, promuovendo la sperimentazione e garantendo la continua vitalità della sua collezione.

    Un Luogo di Incontro e Ispirazione

    La rinomina in Buffalo AKG Art Museum nel 2023 simboleggia un rinnovato impegno verso la comunità. Il campus ristrutturato non è concepito come un semplice luogo espositivo, ma come uno spazio vivace che promuove lo scambio, stimola la creatività e offre opportunità di apprendimento accessibili a tutte le età. Il Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. Town Square offre una piazza pubblica accogliente, mentre il Creative Commons propone workshop pratici e programmi educativi per persone di ogni età. Queste iniziative sottolineano la convinzione del museo che l'arte debba essere parte integrante della vita quotidiana e arricchire la vita di coloro che serve. La sua posizione privilegiata accanto al Delaware Park e di fronte alla Buffalo State University rafforza i suoi legami con l’ambiente locale, creando una sinergia tra museo, università e natura. L'iniziativa Public Art estende ulteriormente questa portata integrando opere specifiche nel paesaggio urbano, sfumando i confini tra le mura del museo e la città.

    Che siate collezionisti esperti alla ricerca di ispirazione, interior designer in cerca di concetti innovativi o semplicemente amanti dell'arte desiderosi di vivere un’esperienza trasformativa, il Buffalo AKG Art Museum è una destinazione imperdibile. È un luogo dove storia, architettura e visione artistica convergono per creare qualcosa di veramente eccezionale. La sua collezione offre una ricchezza infinita di stili e movimenti, invitando all'esplorazione e alla scoperta. Il suo impegno per l’innovazione garantisce che rimarrà un attore chiave nel mondo dell’arte anche nelle generazioni future – un faro di creatività, un catalizzatore di dialogo e una testimonianza del potere duraturo dell’arte di ispirare ed elevare lo spirito.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for (Difficult)

    artsdot.com/en/art/download/kurt-schwitters-difficult-D37KHP-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Schwitters, Kurt. (Difficult). 1943, Buffalo AKG Art Museum. https://artsdot.com/en/art/kurt-schwitters-difficult-D37KHP-en/
    APA
    Schwitters, Kurt (1943). (Difficult) [Painting]. Buffalo AKG Art Museum. https://artsdot.com/en/art/kurt-schwitters-difficult-D37KHP-en/
    Chicago
    Kurt Schwitters. (Difficult). 1943. Buffalo AKG Art Museum. https://artsdot.com/en/art/kurt-schwitters-difficult-D37KHP-en/
    Harvard
    Schwitters, Kurt (1943) (Difficult). Buffalo AKG Art Museum. Available at: https://artsdot.com/en/art/kurt-schwitters-difficult-D37KHP-en/

    Look closely

    (Difficult) — Kurt Schwitters

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Look back at (Elikan) (1925), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    4. Dada: Deliberately absurd art made in disgust at the First World War, mocking the idea that art must be serious. Where can you see that in this work?
    5. Kurt Schwitters was about 56 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    What level of contrast does "(Difficult)" by Kurt Schwitters show?

    "(Difficult)" by Kurt Schwitters shows a bold contrast between its light and dark areas.

    What color palette is used in "(Difficult)" by Kurt Schwitters?

    The colors of "(Difficult)" form a dark palette. This classification describes the dominant color families.

    How do the colors of "(Difficult)" relate to each other?

    The color harmony of "(Difficult)" is recorded as strong color unity.