Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Tiger

Name Class Date

George Stubbs, Tiger (1771), Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Public domain.

The facts

Artist
George Stubbs artsdot.com/en/artists/george-stubbs/
Artist’s dates
1724 – 1806
Painted
1771
Medium
Oil On Canvas
Movement
Romanticism Art that puts feeling, wildness and the power of nature above calm order and rules.
Held at
Virginia Museum of Fine Arts artsdot.com/en/museums/virginia-museum-of-fine-arts-richmond/
Artistic style
Naturalism
Influences
Animal anatomy
Notable elements
Impasto, detail
Subject or theme
Wild animal

In context

Tiger — George Stubbs

When was this painted?

  1. 1720
  2. 1730
  3. 1740
  4. 1750
  5. 1760
  6. 1770
  7. 1780
  8. 1790
  9. 1800

Shaded: the lifetime of George Stubbs (1724–1806) ▲ this work, 1771

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: artsdot.com/en/art/similar/george-stubbs-tiger-D9523U-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Espresso #423932

    Catalogued palette

    • #423932
    • #343231
    • #6C553D
    • #BF9D74
    Palette
    Monochrome The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Espresso
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Serene How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Deep_shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    About this artwork

    Tiger — George Stubbs

    The Majesty of the Hunt: George Stubbs’s ‘Tiger’

    George Stubbs’s “Tiger,” painted in 1771, isn’t merely a depiction of an animal; it's a visceral exploration of power, instinct, and the sublime. This oil painting, now housed within the collections of Google Arts & Culture, immediately commands attention with its dramatic composition and masterful use of light and shadow. The scene unfolds within a shadowy forest, a carefully constructed stage for the tiger’s predatory grace – a creature rendered with an almost unsettling realism that transcends simple representation.

    Stubbs, a revolutionary figure in 18th-century art, wasn't content to simply paint what he saw. He was driven by a deep fascination with anatomy and a desire to capture the essence of his subjects – particularly animals – with unparalleled accuracy. His meticulous study of horse musculature informed his approach to painting tigers, resulting in a portrayal that feels both scientifically precise and emotionally charged. The painting’s genesis is linked to Lord Clive, Governor of Bengal, who presented a tiger to the 4th Duke of Marlborough as a gift, prompting Stubbs to create this iconic image.

    A Study in Texture and Technique

    The painting's impact begins with its texture. Stubbs employed an impasto technique – applying thick layers of paint directly to the canvas – creating a surface that is remarkably tactile. You can almost feel the coarse fur of the tiger, the rough bark of the rocks beneath it, and the damp earth of the forest floor. This deliberate roughness isn’t merely decorative; it contributes significantly to the painting's sense of immediacy and physicality. The brushstrokes themselves are visible, a testament to Stubbs’s painstaking attention to detail and his commitment to capturing the nuances of form.

    Furthermore, Stubbs masterfully manipulated light and shadow to create a dramatic atmosphere. The tiger is bathed in a cool, diffused light that highlights its muscular physique and intense gaze. The surrounding forest is plunged into deep shadows, suggesting both danger and mystery. This chiaroscuro effect – the strong contrast between light and dark – not only adds depth to the composition but also evokes a sense of primal tension.

    Symbolism and Context

    Beyond its technical brilliance, “Tiger” is rich in symbolic meaning. The tiger itself has long been associated with strength, courage, and ferocity—qualities often linked to royalty and power. The setting within the shadowy forest can be interpreted as a metaphor for the unknown, the dangers of the wild, or even the darker aspects of human nature. Considering that this painting was commissioned by a governor of Bengal, it’s not surprising that the tiger embodies colonial ambition and the perceived savagery of the “uncivilized” East.

    The historical context is equally important. Stubbs' work emerged during a period of significant change in Europe, marked by the rise of Romanticism – an artistic movement that emphasized emotion, imagination, and the beauty of nature. "Tiger" aligns with these Romantic ideals through its dramatic composition, intense emotionality, and focus on the power of the natural world. It’s a painting that invites contemplation, prompting viewers to consider not only the tiger's predatory instincts but also the broader themes of human ambition, the relationship between humanity and nature, and the allure of the unknown.

    A Timeless Masterpiece

    “Tiger” remains a compelling work of art centuries after its creation. Its dramatic intensity, technical virtuosity, and rich symbolism continue to captivate audiences today. Whether viewed as a study in animal anatomy, a reflection on colonial power dynamics, or simply a stunning example of 18th-century artistry, George Stubbs’s “Tiger” stands as a testament to the enduring power of art to evoke emotion, stimulate thought, and transport us to another time and place.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    George Stubbs

    Born in Liverpool, United Kingdom

    early life and training

    george stubbs, a renowned english painter, was born on august 25, 1724, in liverpool, united kingdom. his early life was marked by a sparse record of his activities until the age of 35, with most information sourced from ozias humphry's memoirs, based on conversations with stubbs in 1794. stubbs began his artistic journey at the age of 15, initially working under his father, a currier or leather-dresser. he later approached hamlet winstanley, a lancashire painter and engraver, for a brief apprenticeship. this short stint allowed him to study the collection at knowsley hall.

    artistic development and notable works

    stubbs's passion for anatomy led him to move to york in 1744, where he studied under surgeon charles atkinson at york county hospital. one of his earliest surviving works is a set of illustrations for john burton's textbook on midwifery, published in 1751. in 1756, stubbs rented a farmhouse in lincolnshire and spent 18 months dissecting horses, assisted by his common-law wife, mary spencer. this led to the publication of the anatomy of the horse in 1766, with original drawings now housed at the royal academy. stubbs's work was soon recognized by leading aristocratic patrons, including the 3rd duke of richmond, who commissioned three large pictures in 1759. this marked the beginning of his successful career, with works produced for several dukes and lords, culminating in the purchase of a house in marylebone, london.

    legacy and notable paintings

    stubbs's most famous work, whistlejacket, a painting of a prancing horse commissioned by the 2nd marquess of rockingham, is now housed at the national gallery in london. this and two other paintings for rockingham break with convention, featuring plain backgrounds.

    whistlejacket, a thoroughbred race horse rising on his hind legs, showcases stubbs's unparalleled skill in capturing the essence of horses.

    stubbs's series of paintings on a lion attacking a horse are early examples of the romantic movement, demonstrating his influence on 18th-century art.

    stubbs's legacy as an equine artist remains unmatched, with his works continuing to inspire and awe art enthusiasts worldwide.

    view stubbs's artwork at https://AllPaintingsStore.com/@/george_stubbs

    explore the national gallery in london's collection, featuring stubbs's notable works, at /en/art/show/art-8xyffg-en/

    learn more about stubbs's life and work on wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/george_stubbs

    Museum

    Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

    On show in Richmond, United States of America

    A Legacy Forged in Vision: The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

    Nestled within Richmond’s vibrant Boulevard District, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) isn't merely a repository for artistic treasures; it’s a testament to a remarkable partnership—a confluence of private generosity and unwavering state vision. Established in 1936 during the challenging years of the Great Depression, VMFA emerged from a profound desire to enrich the cultural landscape of Virginia, offering free general admission year-round – a rarity amongst institutions of its stature. Its story is one woven with pivotal moments, beginning with Judge John Barton Payne’s audacious donation of paintings in 1919—a visionary act that laid the foundation for the museum's remarkable journey—but truly cemented by the acquisition of the Lillian Thomas Pratt Fabergé collection in 1947 and Paul Mellon’s transformative gift of Indian and Himalayan art in 1968. More than a showcase of beauty, VMFA embodies a commitment to accessibility, education, and community engagement, functioning as a dynamic hub where art breathes life into the city and inspires generations.

    The museum's architectural journey mirrors its own evolution, reflecting a dedication not only to preserving artistic heritage but also to creating an environment that elevates the visitor experience. The original building, designed by Peebles and Ferguson Architects, evokes the grandeur of the English Renaissance—a stately foundation upon which subsequent expansions have gracefully built. Each addition – the South Wing in 1970, the North Wing in 1976, and the West Wing in 1985 – has been thoughtfully integrated to complement the original design while providing state-of-the-art gallery spaces. Walking through VMFA is akin to traversing time, encountering masterpieces within a structure that itself tells a story of enduring cultural significance. The building’s façade, with its imposing columns and symmetrical design, hints at the treasures held within, while the modern additions offer light-filled spaces designed to showcase art in all its diversity. The museum's commitment to blending historical elegance with contemporary functionality is truly remarkable.

    A World Within Its Walls: Collection Highlights

    The breadth and depth of VMFA’s collection are simply astonishing, a testament to the museum’s discerning eye and generous benefactors. Perhaps most renowned is its unparalleled Fabergé collection—the largest public assemblage outside of Russia, housing over 170 jeweled objects created by Peter Carl Fabergé and other Russian workshops, including iconic eggs shimmering with intricate detail that exemplify imperial splendor and masterful craftsmanship. These aren’t merely decorative pieces; they are miniature works of art, each a testament to the skill of countless artisans and the opulence of the Romanov court. Beyond the Fabergés, VMFA boasts significant holdings in American art, from colonial portraits capturing the solemnity of early America to contemporary expressions reflecting the nation's evolving identity. The museum’s African art collection is particularly vibrant, celebrating diverse traditions and creative ingenuity through sculptures, textiles, and ceramics that illuminate the rich cultural heritage of the continent. For those drawn to the elegance of earlier eras, VMFA’s Art Nouveau & Art Deco collection—a gift from Sydney and Frances Lewis—is a captivating display of furniture, glasswork, and decorative arts reflecting the stylistic innovations of the early 20th century. And for lovers of modern masters, VMFA’s French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works offer moments of pure visual delight, capturing fleeting impressions of light and color with unparalleled sensitivity—a testament to the transformative influence of artists like Monet, Renoir, Cézanne, and Van Gogh. Finally, VMFA's Himalayan and South Asian art collections are among the finest in the nation, presenting monumental sculptures and intricate paintings that embody spiritual symbolism and artistic mastery.

    A Story Etched in Time: Architectural Echoes & Evolving Spaces

    The museum’s architectural journey mirrors its growth and evolving spirit. The original building, designed by Peebles and Ferguson Architects, evokes the grandeur of the English Renaissance—a stately foundation upon which subsequent expansions have gracefully built. Each addition – the South Wing in 1970, the North Wing in 1976, and the West Wing in 1985 – has been thoughtfully integrated to complement the original design while providing state-of-the-art gallery spaces. This careful evolution reflects a dedication not only to preserving artistic heritage but also to creating an environment that enhances the visitor experience. Walking through VMFA is akin to traversing time, encountering masterpieces within a structure that itself tells a story of enduring cultural significance. The building’s façade, with its imposing columns and symmetrical design, hints at the treasures held within, while the modern additions offer light-filled spaces designed to showcase art in all its diversity. The museum's commitment to blending historical elegance with contemporary functionality is truly remarkable.

    A Beacon of Engagement: Legacy & Community Roots

    The story of VMFA is one woven with pivotal moments—but it’s also a story of ongoing commitment to its community. The museum isn't simply a place to view art; it’s a space for dialogue, learning, and creative expression. Vibrant educational programs, engaging events, and strategic partnerships bring art into the lives of people throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia and beyond. VMFA stands as a powerful example of how an institution can balance artistic excellence with public service—a beacon of art and inspiration for generations to come. The museum’s dedication extends to supporting local artists and fostering emerging talent, ensuring that its legacy will continue to evolve for years ahead. Beyond the galleries, VMFA's commitment to accessibility extends beyond free admission and educational programs. The museum actively seeks to engage diverse audiences through innovative exhibitions, community outreach initiatives, and partnerships with local organizations. Notably, VMFA’s Leslie Cheek Theater hosts a variety of performances—from dance and music to theater and film—enriching the cultural landscape of Richmond and attracting visitors from across the region. Rotating special exhibitions bring world-class art to Richmond, fostering intellectual curiosity and broadening perspectives on artistic traditions. Furthermore, VMFA's Sculpture Garden provides an outdoor oasis for contemplation and artistic appreciation—a tranquil space where visitors can immerse themselves in the beauty of monumental sculptures created by renowned artists. And finally, VMFA’s ongoing expansion project—scheduled to conclude in 2025—will create new gallery spaces, improve accessibility, and enhance the visitor experience—solidifying VMFA's position as a cornerstone of Richmond’s cultural identity.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Tiger

    artsdot.com/en/art/download/george-stubbs-tiger-D9523U-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Stubbs, George. Tiger. 1771, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. https://artsdot.com/en/art/george-stubbs-tiger-D9523U-en/
    APA
    Stubbs, George (1771). Tiger [Painting]. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. https://artsdot.com/en/art/george-stubbs-tiger-D9523U-en/
    Chicago
    George Stubbs. Tiger. 1771. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. https://artsdot.com/en/art/george-stubbs-tiger-D9523U-en/
    Harvard
    Stubbs, George (1771) Tiger. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Available at: https://artsdot.com/en/art/george-stubbs-tiger-D9523U-en/

    Look closely

    Tiger — George Stubbs

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: tiger, wildlife, forest. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Lion Attacking a Horse (1765), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Romanticism: Art that puts feeling, wildness and the power of nature above calm order and rules. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Tiger — George Stubbs

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject depicted in George Stubbs’ ‘Tiger’?

      • A A hunting scene with dogs
      • B A portrait of a nobleman
      • C A solitary tiger resting in its habitat
    2. 2. According to the description, what is a key characteristic of Stubbs’ technique in ‘Tiger’?

      • A Minimalist use of color
      • B Detailed impasto and realistic textures
      • C Smooth, blended brushstrokes
    3. 3. In what year was George Stubbs’ ‘Tiger’ painted?

      • A 1769/1771
      • B 1754
      • C 1806
    4. 4. The description mentions that the tiger is depicted in a 'shadowy setting'. What effect does this contribute to the artwork’s mood?

      • A A sense of joy and celebration
      • B An atmosphere of stillness and perhaps danger or mystery
      • C A depiction of bright sunlight and open space
    5. 5. What historical figure commissioned the ‘Tiger’ painting?

      • A Charles Dickens
      • B Lord Clive
      • C William Shakespeare

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1C · 2A · 3A · 4A · 5B