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The Nihonga Art Movement |
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Nihonga, a Japanese style of painting that uses mineral pigments and organic materials on silk or paper, emerged during the Meiji period (1868-1912) as a response to the rise of Western-style painting known as Yōga. The term "Nihonga" literally translates to "pictures of Japan," emphasizing its connection to traditional Japanese art forms.... |
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The Nihonga Art Movement
Nihonga, a Japanese style of painting that uses mineral pigments and organic materials on silk or paper, emerged during the Meiji period (1868-1912) as a response to the rise of Western-style painting known as Yōga. The term "Nihonga" literally translates to "pictures of Japan," emphasizing its connection to traditional Japanese art forms.
History
The origins of Nihonga can be traced back to the early modern period, when paintings were classified by school: the Kanō school, the Maruyama-Shijō school, and the Tosa school of the yamato-e genre. However, it was during the Meiji period that the term "Nihonga" was coined to differentiate traditional Japanese painting from Western-style painting.
The impetus for reinvigorating traditional painting by developing a more modern Japanese style came largely from artist/educators and art critics such as Shiokawa Bunrin, Kōno Bairei, Tomioka Tessai, Okakura Tenshin, and Ernest Fenollosa. These individuals sought to combat Meiji Japan's infatuation with Western culture by emphasizing the importance and beauty of native Japanese traditional arts.
Nihonga has gone through many phases of development since the Meiji period. The emergence of art organizations and exhibitions allowed artists to influence each other, leading to the blending of earlier schools and the incorporation of Western painting techniques such as perspective and shading. This synthesis has made it increasingly difficult to draw a distinct separation in either techniques or materials between Nihonga and Yōga.
Materials
Nihonga are typically executed on washi (Japanese paper) or eginu (silk), using brushes. The paintings can be either monochrome or polychrome, with mineral pigments and organic materials used to create a wide range of colors and textures. Some Western painting techniques have been adopted, such as perspective and shading, in a bid to move away from the importance of the painted line from East Asian painting tradition.
Development outside Japan
Nihonga has a following around the world, with notable Nihonga artists who are not based in Japan including Hiroshi Senju, Makoto Fujimura, and Miyuki Tanobe. Contemporary Nihonga has been the mainstay of New York's Dillon Gallery, with global artists such as Takashi Murakami, Hiroshi Senju, Norihiko Saito, Chen Wenguang, Keizaburo Okamura, and Makoto Fujimura representing the "golden age of post war Nihonga" from 1985 to 1993.
Notable Artists
Some notable artists associated with the Nihonga movement include Uemura Shōen, Kazuo Shiraga, and Kobayashi Eitaku. Uemura Shōen was a prominent female artist known for her paintings of beautiful women, while Kazuo Shiraga was a member of the Gutai group of avant-garde artists who created abstract works using unconventional techniques such as painting with his feet. Kobayashi Eitaku was a specialist in ukiyo-e and nihonga, known for his depictions of beautiful women and landscapes.
Uemura Shōen: Kinuta, Uemura Shōen: Madame Kusunogi Masashige, Uemura Shōen: Sound of Tsuzumi, and Uemura Shōen: Spring Garden are examples of Nihonga paintings available for purchase at WahooArt.com.
Kazuo Shiraga and Kobayashi Eitaku have biographies available on WahooArt.com, showcasing their contributions to the Nihonga movement.
In conclusion, the Nihonga art movement is a rich and diverse tradition that has evolved over time to incorporate both traditional Japanese techniques and Western influences. With its emphasis on mineral pigments and organic materials, Nihonga offers a unique and beautiful alternative to Western-style painting.
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