Penelope Carwardine (1729 – 1804): A Delicate Hand in Miniature Penelope Carwardine, a talented English miniature painter born around 1730 in Withington, Herefordshire, England, was one of eight children born to John Carwardine of Thinghills Court and Anne Bullock of Preston Wynn. Her father’s financial difficulties spurred her artistic pursuits—a resourceful response to circumstance—and she mastered the art of miniature painting under the tutelage of Ozias Humphrey by 1754. This formative training profoundly shaped her distinctive style, aligning her with the modest school of English miniat…